The Mongols

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The Mongols Global Interactions

• AIM for Today To gain a brief overview of the
  Mongols and how trading became more globalized in
  the 1200-1300s.

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3 Main Ideas About the Mongols

• They created the largest contiguous land empire
  in world history, full of diverse lands and
  peoples.
• Mongol rule provided stability and prosperity.
• Mongol rule encouraged an exchange of goods and
  ideas between East and West.

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• Temujin (a.k.a. Genghis Khan), born in central
  Asia in the 1100s.
• gtgtHe became a courageous warrior and a skilled
  leader, earning the title of Genghis KhanWorld
  Emperor.

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The Onon River in Mongolia, where Temujin was
born and grew up
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• With well organized and disciplined armies,
  Genghis Khan (G.K.), took most of Asiafrom Korea
  in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west.
• G.K.s armies advanced into Persia, India, and
  northern China.

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A Few Reasons for Their Success

• G.K.s armies were skilled horsemen and bowmen.
• They also borrowed new military technology, such
  as cannons, from the Chinese and the Turks.

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• During the time of G.K., the Mongols invaded
  Eastern Europe, coming within reach of
  Constantinople.
• After G.K., the Mongols attacked Russia, Hungary,
  and Poland.
• G.K.s grandson Batu led Mongol armies known as
  the Golden Horde in conquering many Russian
  cities. They ruled from a capital on the Volga
  River for 240 years.

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Asia in 1200 CE
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• Kublai Khan was another grandson of Genghis Khan
  and he completed the job of conquering China.
• He also ruled over Korea, Tibet, and parts of
  Vietnam.

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• Mongol warriors spread terror and destruction,
  killing countless inhabitants of citiessuch as
  those in modern day Kiev, Ukraine.
• Despite brutality in war, most Mongol leaders
  ruled with tolerance. For example, Genghis Khan
  respected academics and artists. Conquered
  peoples were often allowed to live as before, as
  long as they paid tribute to the Mongols.

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Pax Mongolia

• Political stability resulting from Mongol rule
  allowed for the Pax Mongoliaa time of peace
  during which goods were exchanged between East
  and West.
• The old Silk Road trade route between China and
  the Middle East once again provided safe passage
  and trade flourished (prospered/grew).

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• Chinese products then flowed west, including
  things such as gunpowder, porcelain, papermaking
  technology and the use of windmills
• MARCO POLO An Italian merchant who traveled to
  Kublai Khans court in the late 1200s and
  remained for many years. His writings introduced
  many Europeans to the beauty and riches of China.

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Undoing of the Empire

• The immense size of the Mongol Empire proved to
  be its undoing. Under Genghis Khans descendants,
  the empire was divided into separate, virtually
  independent states.
• Political rivalries and cultural differences led
  to disunity (people being separated), and Mongol
  cohesiveness (to stick together) dissolved. The
  empire collapsed as the power of the states
  disintegrated (dissolves) during the 14th and
  15th centuries.
• Citation www.encarta.com

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• The Mongols also had little experience in
  government so they chose others to do certain
  jobs. Some of those people were corrupt or
  incompetent (someone who doesnt know what
  theyre doing).
• In China Russia, people resented Mongol rule
  and their desire for independence from foreign
  rule provoked leaders to overthrow the Mongols.

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Atlas Work, April 7th

• The Mongol Empire
• Turn to pp. 48-49
• Read intro. w. bullet pts. together unless we
  already did this
• How did the Mongol empire change from the time
  periods of 1206-1279 from 1260-1405?
• What were 3 of the major religions of the empire?

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Ming Dynasty in China

1. Turn to p. 50
2. Read intro. w. bullet pts. Together
3. Question B
4. What is one major river in China?
5. One major river in India?
6. What was the first European settlement in China?

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