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Drug%20Unit

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Drug Unit Drug- any chemical substance that alters either the mind or the body. Why do people use drugs? Peer pressure To rebel To relax Escape from reality – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Drug%20Unit


1
Drug Unit
  • Drug- any chemical substance that alters either
    the mind or the body.
  • Why do people use drugs?
  • Peer pressure
  • To rebel
  • To relax
  • Escape from reality
  • Medical Reasons
  • What are the 4 general patterns of drug users?
  • THE EXPERIMENTER- wanted to try it
  • REGULAR USER- take to have fun at social
    gatherings
  • PREOCCUPIED USER- psychologically depend on it
  • THE ADDICT- psychologically and physically depend
    on it

2
Trends with Teen Drug Use
3
Drug Use Ages 12
4
Dangers of Substance Abuse
  • Side effects can range from minor to deadly
    (reactions to use of drug)
  • Synergistic effects- the interaction of 2 or more
    drugs/medicines that results in a greater effect
    than when the drugs are taken independently
  • Over dose- a strong or even fatal reaction to
    taking a large amount of a drug
  • Added risks for contracting diseases (sharing
    contaminated needles)
  • Added risks for unwanted sexual encounters, STDS,
    or pregnancies
  • Negatively affect performance in school, sports,
    and relationships
  • Impairs individual from reaching short and long
    term goals
  • Affects individuals physical, mental, and social
    health
  • Trouble with the law
  • Can harm a developing fetus

5
Basic Terms related to Drugs
  • Substance Abuse- any unnecessary or improper use
    of a chemical substance for non medical purposes
  • Medicine Misuse- using medicine in ways other
    than intended
  • Illicit Drug Use- the use or sale of any
    substances that are illegal or otherwise not
    permitted
  • Gateway Drugs- drugs that often lead to other
    serious and dangerous drug use
  • Synthetic Drugs- chemical substances produced
    artificially in a laboratory
  • Tolerance- needing more of a substance to get the
    same effects

6
Drug Terms/Vocabulary
  • Physiological Dependence- the bodys physical
    need for a drug
  • Withdrawal- results when a person is
    physiologically dependent on drug and stops using
    the substance
  • Psychological Dependence- person believes they
    need the drug to function
  • Addiction- involves physiological and
    psychological dependence on a drug
  • Psychoactive Drugs- Chemicals that affect the
    CNS and interfere with the normal functioning of
    the brain
  • Euphoria- a feeling of intense welling being or
    elation that may be followed by a crash or
    letdown

7
Six different categories of Drugs
  • 1. Prescription drug- any type of drug prescribed
    by a doctor (cannot be used safely without the
    written approval of a licensed physician)
  • ANTIBIOTICS- fights infection
  • ANTI-INFLAMMATORY- helps rid injured area of bad
    blood and waste
  • PAIN RELIEVERS- helps in coping with pain after
    surgery
  • 2. OTC or OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS- any type of
    drug sold in a store with a prescription from a
    doctor
  • 3. RECREATIONAL DRUGS- any type of drug not
    illegal
  • Alcohol
  • Tobacco
  • Coffee
  • 4. HERBAL PREPARATIONS- anything natural that
    is not illegal
  • Herbal Tea
  • Seaweed wrap

8
Categories of Drugs
  • 5. ILLEGAL DRUGS (Street Drugs)- any type of drug
    man made or natural that is illegal to make, buy,
    grow or possess
  • cocaine
  • marijuana
  • Ecstasy
  • 6. COMMERCIAL TYPE DRUGS- anything used to get
    high with (are legal for intended use)
  • cleaning products- paint removers
  • glue
  • Ether
  • Inhalants- are substances whose fumes are
    sniffed and inhaled to give a hallucinogenic
    effect
  • Inhalants such as nitrites and nitrous oxide
    have medical uses, but many are not designed to
    be taken into the body

9
Drug Schedules- The Controlled Substance Act
  • - Classifies medicines for use in the United
    States into
  • categories/schedules according to their use and
    potential for
  • Abuse
  • Schedule 1 Illegal and Not Prescribed High
    potential of abuse and addiction and NO type of
    medical use.
  • (Example ACID, Heroin, Ecstasy)
  • Schedule 2 Written Prescription Required- High
    potential of abuse and addiction and a restricted
    medical use.
  • (Example Nitrous Oxide, Morphine)
  • Schedule 3 Some potential of abuse and
    addiction with specific medical use. (Example
    inhalers-asthma)
  • Schedule 4 Lower potential of abuse and
    addiction, wider range of medical use. (Example
    Aspirin)
  • Schedule 5 Lowest potential of abuse and
    addiction, everyday medical use. (Example
    Vitamin)

10
What are 5 ways of drug administration?
  • Orally- taken by mouth/swallowed
  • Injection- intravenous
  • Inhalation- lungs/inhaled
  • Absorption- skin
  • Suppositories- rectal walls
  • Presentations will be done on the following
  • Depressants---Stimulants---Marijuana
  • Hallucinogens---Club Drugs
  • Narcotics---Inhalants---Anabolic Steroids

11
TREATMENT TERMINOLOGY
  • Intervention- When someone who cares for the
    alcoholic/addict makes a healthy decision to
    introduce the process of recovery to the sick
    person. It is when one steps into the
    addict/alcoholics path and tries to veer their
    direction to a healthier one. If taken in he
    right direction, one may find that a new life has
    just begun.
  • Recovery- A lifelong process of change to abstain
    from alcohol/drug usage. A character building
    process which increases the chance of staying
    clean and sober.
  • Relapse- To fall back into the former state of
    drinking or using once treatment or recovery has
    begun. The act of going back to old behavior or
    regressing from sobriety.
  • Sober Living- A semi-structured residential
    setting of alcoholics/addicts who have completed
    treatment and need continued support for up to a
    year.
  • Sobriety- Abstinence from consumption of alcohol
    or drugs.

12
Treatment
  • Detoxification- first step in treatment- cleans
    body of the drug (drying out)removal of drugs
    from the body
  • Maintenance programs- medically supervised
    doses. (helps withdrawal)
  • Drug Free Programs- group therapy
  • 1. Independent
  • 2. Hospitals
  • 3. Community Health Centers
  • Inpatient Programs- medical and psychological
    care during which a person stays at a medical or
    rehab facility
  • Outpatient treatment- onsite medical an
    psychological care for a person to be drug-free
    and/or alcohol free
  • Prevention- answer to abuse- DONT START
  • Practice Abstinence- To refrain from the usage of
    chemicals for which a person may have become
    addicted.

13
Support Groups related to Drug Use
  • Families Anonymous- A 12-step, self-help recovery
    and fellowship of support groups for relatives
    and friends of those who have alcohol, drug or
    behavioral problems. They share their like
    experiences, strengths and hope with each other
    and with new members.
  • Narcotics Anonymous- A self-help organization of
    individuals who have a dependence on drugs and
    want to commit to a life of abstinence. One
    addict helping another to achieve the same goal
    goes a long way and could save someones life.
  • Cocaine Anonymous- is a fellowship of men and
    women who share their experience, strength and
    hope with each other that they may solve their
    common problem and help others to recover from
    their addiction.
  • OTHERS
  • All Addictions Anonymous (alladdictionsanonymous.c
    om)
  • CrystalMeth Anonymous (CMA) (crystalmeth.org)
  • Marijuana Anonymous World Services
    (marijuana-anonymous.org)
  • Methadone Anonymous Support (MethadoneSupport.org)
    Recoveries Anonymous (r-a.org)

14
STIMULANTS
  • CNS Stimulants- Drugs that increase certain
    functions of the central nervous system. Users
    become more alert, active and nervous.
  • Amphetamines- (bennies, uppers, and speed)
    reduces appetite, combats fatigue and prevents
    drowsiness
  • Methamphetamines-(crank, speed, ice) used
    medically to treat certain diseases such as
    Parkinsons or obesity
  • Is highly addictive
  • Cocaine- (snow, coke, and nose candy) gives a
    sense of invincibility and is highly addictive
  • 1. White powder extracted from the coca bush
    that grows in mountainous region of South America
  • 2. Crack cocaine is a concentrated, purer form
    of cocaine that can be smoked (reaches brain in
    7-10 seconds)

15
DEPRESSANTS
  • CNS Depressants (Sedatives)- Drugs that reduce
    the action of the heart, central nervous
    system, and skeletal muscles
  • a. Barbiturates- (blue birds, downers, and
    goofballs) effects are similar to excessive use
    of alcohol
  • b. Tranquilizers- quieting or calming effect
  • c. Methaqualone- (ludes, quaaludes and 714s)
    relieves anxiety mello out

16
MARIJUANA
  • Marijuana- (grass, ganja, Mary Jane, pot, weed)
  • Most widely abused illegal drug in this country
  • Can lead to amotivational syndrome Loss of
    ambition drive
  • a. EFFECTS distorts time and judgment, impairs
    learning ability and sports performance, causes
    hallucinations, and reduces blood sugar which
    causes hunger
  • b. The leaves, buds, and flowers of plant are
    smoked, chewed, or eaten for their intoxicating
    effects
  • c. Marijuana contains 421 different chemicals
  • THC
  • (delta-9-therahydrocannabinol)
  • The main mind altering ingredient
  • Stored in fatty tissue (can remain for weeks)
  • Hash (dark brown resin from tops of Cannabis
    plants) contains more THC

17
HALLUCINOGENS
  • Psychedelics\Hallucinogens
  • physical sensations of time and space are altered
    fact and
  • fantasy are confused. (have NO medical use)
  • a. L.S.D. trips last 8 to 10 hours of
    confusion, anxiety, depression, and loss of
    reality from days to months. Can cause
    flashbacks.
  • b. P.C.P. (angel dust) effects are
    unpredictable drunkenness, depression,
    paranoia, violent rages,
  • coma, and/or death.
  • c. Mescaline and Psilocybin- hallucinogenic
    drugs made in the tissues of plants

18
CLUB DRUGS
  • Club Drugs
  • Usually have severe side effects, brain damage,
    paralysis, death are associated with dance
    clubs and all night parties
  • Commonly abused club drugs are ecstasy, rohypnol,
    ghb, and ketamine.
  • -Meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens
    or other drugs
  • Ecstasy or MDMA- illegal drug that is a
    stimulant and a hallucinogen. Not a safe drug.
    Affects on brain are still unclear. Can cause
    sharp rise in body temp, followed by failure of
    heart and organs, and even death.
  • Rohypnol- depresses CNS- colorless, odorless,
    and tasteless- known as date-rape-drug- Can be
    deadly when mixed with alcohol and other drugs.
  • GHB- depress CNS and can be used by sexual
    predators to sedate victims

19
NARCOTICS
  • Narcotics (Opiates) strong painkillers that
    produce a relaxed, dreamy state. They are derived
    from the opium plant. They are highly addictive.
  • a. Codeine- the least potent narcotic, is
    prescribed for mild pain relief
  • 1. Cough medicine
  • 2. Tylenol 3
  • b. Opium- stronger than codeine, may be
    prescribed to relieve pain and control diarrhea.
  • 1. A milky fluid found in the seeds
    of the opium poppy
  • c. Morphine- more potent than opium and is one of
    the strongest painkillers known. Because it is so
    addictive, its medical use is strictly limited by
    law. Common uses include major surgery and cancer
    patients.
  • d. Heroin- is a white powder made from morphine.
    It is also more potent and faster acting than
    morphine. It is prohibited from medical use in
    the U.S.
  • Most abused narcotic in US.
  • e. Oxycodone- an especially strong, time
    released painkiller prescribed for severe pain.

20
Inhalants
  • Street Names Rush, Poppers, ClimaxDescription-
    Inhalants are common household and workplace
    substances that are sniffed or huffed to give the
    user an immediate head rush or high. Found in
    consumer products such as aerosols plastic
    cement, fingernail polish remover, lighter fluid,
    hair spray, insecticides and cleaning solvents.
    Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the
    chemicals in solvents or aerosol sprays can
    directly induce heart failure and death. High
    concentrations of inhalants also cause death from
    suffocation by displacing oxygen in the lungs and
    then in the central nervous system so that
    breathing stops. People who use inhalants get a
    quick, giddy head rush. They are cheap and or
    readily available making them an easy choice for
    those who use them. Users feel slightly
    stimulated and uninhibited, but within a minute
    or two, a major headache comes on (the first
    indication that this is a bad idea).
    Hallucinations and numb hands and feet are often
    part of the package. Suffocation and sudden death
    can occur even on the first time.

21
Anabolic Steroids
  • Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related
    to male sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic
    steroids include some hormone problems in men,
    late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases.
  • Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic
    steroids to build muscles and improve athletic
    performance. But using them this way is not legal
    or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been
    linked with many health problems. They range from
    unattractive to life threatening and include
  • Acne and cysts
  • Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men
  • Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women
  • Heart problems, including heart attack
  • Liver disease, including cancer
  • Aggressive behavior
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