Biology 314

1
Biology 314

• Male and Female Reproduction Systems

2
Time Frame

• Introduction
• Puberty for males and females (physiological and
  psychological changes)
• Male reproduction system
• Female reproduction system
• Projects
• Test

3
Introduction

• Informed decisions regarding your sexuality
• Puberty
• The physiological and psychological changes that
  occur from childhood to adolescence
• Boys enter usually around 14 girls at 12
• For boys, this means that their testicles begin
  producing semen and they ejaculate during a wet
  dream or while masturbating
• For girls this means that their ova have matured
  and are ready to be released and they begin
  menstruating
• This means that you can create offspring

4
Physiological Changes

• Males
• Voice deepens
• Grows body hair (armpits, limbs, pubic area,
  chest etc.).
• Genital organs undergo physical changes
  (enlarging of the testicles and penis)
• Spontaneous errections
• Wet dream can occur
• Testicles start producing sperm

• Females
• Breasts increase in size
• Grows pubic hair and underarm areas
• Hips widen
• Genital organs undergo physical changes
• Begins her menstrual cycle

5
Psychological Changes

• Males
• Physical attraction
• Sexual desire (libido)

• Females
• Physical attraction
• Sexual desire (libido)
• Need for autonomy
• Sense of responsibility regarding her ability to
  reproduce

6
Causes of Puberty

• These changes are controlled by hormone secreting
  (released) glands.
• A hormone is a chemical substance that is
  released into the bloodstream and stimulates the
  functioning of an organ
• Can be thought of as a chemical messenger from
  one cell (or group of cells) to another

7
Pituitary Gland

• Located at the base of the brain
• Secretes hormones regulating homeostasis
• Secretes two hormones directly related to the
  onset of puberty
• FSH (follicle stimulating hormones
• LH (luteinizing hormones)
• FSH and LH stimulate the ovaries to secrete
  estrogen and progesterone and thus initiate the
  menstrual cycle

8
Which glands secrete which hormones in females?

• Gland
• FSH
• LH
• Estrogen
• Progesterone

• Hormone
• Pituatary
• Pituatary
• Ovaries
• Ovaries

9
Male Hormone

• The hormones of FSH and LH are also secreted by
  the pituitary gland
• The testicles are secreted by the hormone of
  androgens.
• The most active of which is testosterone and is
  essential to the production of sperm
• In women, the action of the pituitary hormones is
  cyclical. In men, the action of these hormones is
  contrast.

10
Male Reproduction System
The Male Genital
11
The Function of the Penis

• The penis is the copulatory (union of the
  external sex) organ of the males. When the male
  is sexually aroused, the penis becomes erect and
  ready for intercourse. Erection is achieved
  because blood sinuses within the erectile tissue
  of the penis become filled with blood. The
  arteries of the penis are dilated while the veins
  are passively compressed so that blood flows into
  the erectile tissue under pressure.
• Used for excretion of liquids as well as sexual
  intercourse

12
Path of Sperm to Ejaculation

• Testicles -? epididymes ? vasa deferentia ?
  ejaculatory ducts ? urethra ? outside the body

Ejaculation Animation click here!
13
Female Genitalia

• The main structures of the female genitalia
  include
• The genital passages or tracts
• The ovaries
• The genital passages include
• The Fallopian tubes
• The uterus
• The vagina

14
A picture is worth a 1000 words!
15
Solutions Stencil

• 1a) the ducts connecting the ovaries to the
  uterus?
• The Fallopian tubes
• b) glands that produce the egg
• Ovaries
• C) place where the embryo (fertilization takes
  place) and develops
• Uterus

16
Stencil Solution

• D) pear shaped / many blood vessels / located in
  the pelvic area
• Endometrium
• e) tube that receives the semen during
  intercourse
• Vagina
• F) Place where fertilization takes place
• Ampulla

17
Stencil Solutions

• g) Place where the fertilized egg is implanted
• Uterus
• h) structures that secrete hormones
• Ovaries

18
Sperm Meet Egg!

• Cute Video Click here

19
Fallopian Tubes