Title: SER VS. ESTAR
1SER VS. ESTAR
2SER AND ESTAR ARE BOTH TO BE VERBS
- We have already learned that there are two to
be verbs in Spanish. - Here they are along with their conjugations.
SER TO BE ESTAR TO BE
Yo SOY Nosotros/as SOMOS Yo estoy Nosotros/as Estamos
Tú ERES Vosotros/as SOIS Tú estás Vosotros/as Estáis
Él ES Ella ES Usted ES Ellos SON Ellas SON Ustedes SON Él está Ella está Usted está Ellos están Ellas están Ustedes están
3How do I remember?
- Use the Acronyms DOCTOR and HELP
- The followings slides will tell us what those
stand for.
4Ser general rule
- Ser is used to classify and identify permanent or
lasting attributes. If the general rule isnt
specific enough for you, think of the
acronym DOCTOR, which stands for - Description (physical)
- Occupation
- Characteristic (personality)
- Telling time
- Origin
- Relationship
- As with any rule, there may be exceptions to the
permanent vs. temporary state of being, but it is
a place to start when deciding which verb to use
in Spanish.
5D is for description
- For description, think of what you would say if
someone asked you "Whats he like?" These are the
essential qualities that define a person and
probably wont change. They can be a name or a
physical description. - Ella es Paula. (She is Paula)
- Él es bajo. (He is short)
6o is for occupation
- Occupations are seen as life-long careers and are
therefore seen as more "permanent" than many
people would think in the United States. - Soy profesora del español. (I am a Spanish
teacher.) - Ellos son estudiantes. (They are students.)
- Mi padre es camarero. (My father is a waiter.)
- Notice that the indefinite articles un, una,
unos, and unas are omitted when describing an
occupation after the verb ser
7c is for characteristics
- Characteristics are personality descriptions of a
person. These would probably be the second thing
you say to "Whats he like?" - Amalia es inteligente, bonita, y amable.
- (Amelia is intelligent, pretty, and friendly.)
- El chico es romántico y cariñoso.
- (The boy is romantic and caring.)
8T is for time
- Time includes days, dates, and hours.
- Es la una y media. (Its 130)
- Son las dos y cinco. (Its 205)
- Hoy es lunes. (Today is Monday)
- Hoy es el trece de abril. (Today is April 13th)
9O 2 is for origin
- People are from places, items are made from
materials. - Soy de Nueva York. (I am from New York)
- Soy estadounidense. (I am American)
10r is for relationships
- This can be friends, family members, or items
- Lynn es mi madre. (Lynn is my mother.)
- Marcos es mi novio. (Marcos is my boyfriend.)
- Andrés y Mateo son mis hermanos.
- (Andrés and Mateo are my brothers.)
- La mochila es de Marco. (The backpack belongs to
Marco.)
11Helpful Vocabulary
Thin/skinny- delgado/a Fat- gordo/a Tall-
alto/a Short- bajo/a Pretty- bonita
handsome-guapo Ugly- feo/a Singer-
cantante Student- estudiante Athlete- atleta
Friend- amigo/a Mother- madre Father- padre
Brother/sister- hermano/a Muslim- musulmán,
musulmana Christian- cristiano/a Protestant-
protestante Catholic- católico/a Jewish-judío/a
12- General Estar Rule
- Estar is used to indicate temporary states and
locations. If the general rule doesnt suffice,
think of the acronym HELP, which stands for - Health
- Emotion
- Location
- Progressive tense (-ing)
13HOW YOU FEEL AND WHERE YOU ARE ALWAYS USE THE
VERB ESTAR
14H is for Health
Physical and mental conditions are described
using estar. Yo estoy tan enfermo esta
mañana. (I am so tired this morning.) Ella está
enferma hoy. (She is sick today.) Nosotros estam
os locos. (We are (acting) crazy.) Ellos están
enfermos. (They are sick.)
15E is for emotion
- How a person is feeling at a certain moment is
described using estar. Emotions can change. - Tú estás triste. (You are sad)
- Pablo está un poco frustrado. (Pablo is a little
frustrated) - Vosotros estáis muy contentos.
- (Yall are very happy/content)
- Ellas están cansadas hoy. (They are tired today)
16L is for location
- The location of someone or something describes
where it is . - El mono está detrás del
árbol. - The monkey is behind
the tree. - El oso está al lado del tigre.
-
- Location use EN
- De el del
17P is for the progressive tenses (We will
see this in level 2)
- Estar is used to describe an ongoing action using
the present progressive tense. - Estoy bailando (I am dancing)
- Estoy correiendo (I am running)
- Estoy escribiendo (I am writing)
18Helpful Vocabulary
Sick- enfermo/as Sad- triste Angry-
enojado/a Excited- emocionado/a,
entusiasmado/a Happy- contento/a Scared-
asustado/a Bored- aburrido/a
19La chica es muy alta.
20Margarita es de Nueva York.
21La bandera está al lado del reloj.
22Tú eres un chico muy inteligente.
23 Es usted el profesor de la estudiante?
24Yo estoy enferma hoy.
25Nosotros somos estudiantes.
26Son las tres menos cinco de la tarde.
27Tú estás muy triste.
28Vosotros estáis hablando y caminando en el parque.
29Es
_________ la una y cuarto de la tarde.
30son
Ellos __________unos chicos guapos.
31son
Ellas _______ de Lima.
32es
Manuel __________el novio (boyfriend) de
Margarita.
33están
Uds. __________ en Buenos Aires.
34soy
A veces ________ una chica reservada pero con mi
familia ________sociable.
soy
35eres
Tú ___________profesora de español.
36están
Los estudiantes __________ contentos porque no
hay tarea este fin de semana.
37estamos
Nosotros _________ enfermos porque comimos comida
mala (because we ate bad food).