Ch. 3 Notes

1
Ch. 3 Notes..Cells ISN pg. 50

• I. Cells --? Smallest and most basic unit of
  all living things.
• Two Types of Cells
• a. Prokaryotes ? lack a nucleus and
  other cellular structures have ribosomes and
  DNA (bacteria)
• includes archaea and bacteria
• b. Eukaryotes ? have a nucleus and
  other cellular structure includes plants,
  animals, fungi and protists
• II. Plant Cells ? Eukaryotes contain cell walls,
  chloroplast and large central vacuoles.

2
Ch. 3 Notes (cont.).ISN pg. 50

• Cell Wall ? rigid barrier that surround the
• plant cell provides a strong structure to a
  
• plant.
• Chloroplast? the plant organelle where photo -
  synthesis takes place also gives plants their
• green color. Converts (CO2) Carbon Dioxide
  into Oxygen (O2 gas).
• Central Vacuole ? holds water
• and Waste inside the cell

3
Ch.3 Notes (cont.) .ISN pg. 50

• III. Animal Cells ? eukaryotes have all the cell
  structures except cell wall, chloroplast and
  large
• Central vacuole.
• Mitochondria ? structure used for energy in the
  cell where Cellular Respiration takes place and
• Oxygen (O2 gas ) is exchanged for Carbon Dioxide
• (CO2 gas).
• Golgi Complex(Apparatus) ? structure that
  packages and distributes proteins from the ER

4
Ch.3 Notes (cont.).. ISN pg.50 - 51

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth) ?
• Rough ER houses the ribosomes this structure
  makes proteins and lipids with many tubes used to
  transport the materials throughout the cell.
• Smooth ER lacks the ribosomes makes lipids and
  breaks down toxic materials.
• Lysosomes ? contains digestive enzymes
  responsible for getting rid of damaged and
  dangerous material gets rid of waste.

5
Ch. 3 Notes (cont.). ISN pg. 51

• Vesicles ? the pinched off pieces (small sac) of
  the Golgi Complex that moves materials into and
  out of the cell.
• Ribosomes ? found in all cells this structure
  that makes amino acids and proteins
• Cell Membrane ?outermost layer of the cell it is
  a phospholipid layer made of fats and
  cholesterol that protects the cell contents and
  allows certain objects to enter and leave the
  cell.
• Semipermeable partial barrier

6
Ch. 3 NotesLevels of Organization ISN pg. 51

• Tissues ? a collection of cells that work
• together for a specialized purpose
• (ex cardiac cell cardiac tissue heart)
• cardiac tissue
• II. Organs ? a collection of tissues that work
• together for a specialized purpose
• cardiac organ

7
Organization of Living Things (cont.)

• III. Organ Systems ? a collection of organs
• that work together for a specialized
  task,
• activity or function.
• cardiovascular system
• IV. Organism ? is any living thing that is
  composed of many cells, tissues, organs and
  organ
• systems