The State of Water Use Efficiency in South Africa

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The State of Water Use Efficiency in South Africa

• Towards Regulating Water Conservation and Water
  Demand Management

Cain Chunda and Chabedi Tsatsi Water Use
Efficiency 01 November 2006
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Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Extent of Water Losses and Wastages A Local
  Government Focus
• Causes of Water Losses Wastages A Local
  Government Focus
• Recommended Interventions and work in progress
• Benefits and Success Stories of Water
  Conservation and Water Demand Management

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Introduction

• Water is a vital natural resource because it is
  fundamental to life. Although it is a key
  indispensable natural resource, water in South
  Africa is very scarce.
• Water in South Africa is being transferred over
  long distances on very large scales which means
  the performance of all water providers should be
  monitored and improved.
• The NWA, 1998 is founded on the central
  principles of equity, efficiency and
  sustainability.

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Extent of Water Losses and Wastages NRW
Non-Revenue Water refers to the total of apparent
losses, real losses and the proportion of
authorised consumption, which is not billed.
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Breakdown of Rand Water Urban Demands
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Water used by main urban centres in the Vaal
River System
Area Annual Demand (million m3)
Johannesburg 470
Ekurhuleni 291
Tshwane 255
Emfuleni 79
Rustenberg 26
Mogale 24
Govan Mbeki 18
Matjhabeng 16
Randfontein 7
Total 1 186
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Growth in demand of main demand centres
JOHANNESBURG
EKURHULENI
VOLUME (mill m3 / annum)
TSHWANE
EMFULENI
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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SebokengEvatonWaterBalance
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Water Demand Increases and Non-Revenue Water
within Municipalities
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Summary of Estimated NRW
Area Annual Demand (million m3) Estimated NRW (million m3/a)
Johannesburg 470 154
Ekurhuleni 291 91
Tshwane 255 66
Emfuleni 79 49
Rustenberg 26 8
Mogale 24 6
Govan Mbeki 18 5
Matjhabeng 16 9
Randfontein 7 2
Total 1 186 390
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Non-Revenue Water refers to the total of
apparent, real losses and the proportion of
authorised consumption, which is not billed

• 390 million m3 of water lost through Non-Revenue
  Water is a massively huge amount of water FAR IN
  EXCESS OF THE NEXT AUGMENTATION SCHEME FROM
  LESOTHO _at_ R15billion.

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Where is this water going?
Connection Burst
Leaking Valve
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Where is this water going?
Leak repairs
Connection Burst
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Where is this water going?
Leaking Taps
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Where is this water going?
Running tap inside school
Leaking Taps and Urinals at schools
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Where is this water going?
Reservoir Leakage
Leaking Taps and Urinals
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ITS ALSO CAUSING ACCIDENTS!!!
Photo courtesy Willem Wegelin
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Causes of the water losses and wastages

• Lack of dedicated financial resources to support
  implementation of water conservation and demand
  management interventions including O and M.
• Lack of institutional commitment and regulatory
  tools to enforce implementation of WC/WDM as per
  the NWA, 1998 and the WC/WDM Strategies resulting
  in
• Old dilapidated infrastructure (physical
  leakages),
• Institutional capacity (billing systems and
  auditing),
• Education and awareness (consumer behaviour to
  water),
• Political leadership at provincial and local
  level (technical managers complain of not getting
  support to implement with budgets being reduced
  or not availed for WC/WDM).

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Work In Progress Institutional Interventions

• Institutionalising WC/WDM through regional office
  structure

• Developing protocols governance tools for
  WC/WDM
• WC/WDM conditions for WUA,
• WC/WDM sector Guidelines,
• WC/WDM Training Manuals,
• WC/WDM Info. System,
• WC/WDM Regulations.

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Work In Progress Implementation Support
WMA situation assessment studies

• Developing WC/WDM Strategies and implementation
  plans for the following WMAs in support of Water
  Allocation Reform
• Olifants WMA (Mpumalanga and Limpopo),
• Inkomati WMA (Mpumalanga),
• Mvoti-Mzimkhulu WMA (Kwa-Zulu Natal),
• Uthukela WMA (Kwa-Zulu Natal),
• Usuthu-Mhlathuze WMA (Kwa-Zulu Natal), and
• Upper and Middle Vaal WMAs,
• Mokolo Catchment.

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Work In Progress Implementation Support
Municipal support interventions

• Providing support (financial and technical) to
  municipalities to develop and implement water
  conservation and water demand management viz.
• Emfuleni (Gauteng),
• Umkhanyakude, Uthungulu and Zululand Districts
  (Kwa-Zulu Natal),
• Nelson Mandela and Buffalo City (Eastern Cape),
• Ramotshere Moiloa, Rustenburg (North West),
• City of Johannesburg, Tshwane, Ekurhuleni,
  Sedibeng, Dr JS Moroka, etc (Gauteng/Mpumalanga),
  and
• Matjhabeng, Moqhaka LM (Free State),
• Lephalale, Greater Tzaneen, Capricon, Sekhukhune
  DM (Limpopo).

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Scope for water conservation and Demand
Management
Where can savings be made ?(addressing only the
wastage and not the billed and paid for
consumption)
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Recommended Interventions and Work in Progress

• Develop National Regulations for WC/WDM to
  address amongst others the
• Setting of national water use efficiency
  standards,
• Setting of national, provincial and local
  specifications for housing developments with
  respect to water efficient plumbing devices,
• National labelling of water efficient devices,
• Enforcement of WC/WDM through provincial
  legislation local bylaws,
• Setting penalties for wasteful use of water
  within public buildings,
• Provision of incentives for achieving WC/WDM
  targets and benchmarks.
• The Department is already in process of
  developing these regulations

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Recommended Interventions and Work in Progress

• Establishment of a National Water Demand
  Revolving Fund to support water conservation and
  demand management programmes
• Australia, USA, and other efficient countries
  have such dedicated funds in place for
  facilitating uptake of WC/WDM.
• In SA Eskom is piloting an excellent similar
  initiative through its Demand Side Management
  (DSM) Fund for energy efficiency.
• Discussions are ongoing with institutions such as
  TCTA to explore possibilities for funding WC/WDM
  interventions at a reasonable tariff recovery
  rate.

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Recommended Interventions and Work in Progress
Backlog of Maintenance before which certain WDM
measures cannot be implemented
Other WDM Interventions
Quick fix WDM interventions
Indirect WDM measures
Valve maintenance and repair, Pipe
replacement Bulk Meter replacement Domestic
meter replacement Replacement and repair of
water towers etc
Full sectorising Proper billing and cost
recovery MIS and analysis of Minimum Night flows
etc Certain Bylaws
Pressure management Leak location
Repair Manage impact of inefficient garden
irrigation etc
Schools awareness Public Awareness CLOs door
to door discussions
Billing and Payment for water
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Return on Investment on Water Conservation and
Water Demand Management (Municipal Revenue)

• Emfuleni Local Municipality we invested R8m in
  WDM and we are saving in excess of 9million cubic
  metres of water and well over R24m per annum to
  the municipality
• City of Johannesburg through Operation Qcina
  Amanzi invested has invested R 600 million over a
  period of five years to save 60 million of water
  which would have cost new infrastructure scheme
  of over R 5 billion.
• In Vaal River System we can invest an estimated
  R3billion on WC/WDM to make available to save in
  excess of R15billion worth of augmentation scheme
  either from Lesotho or Thukela

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Return on Investment on Water Conservation and
Water Demand Management (WAR)
OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS OF POTENTIAL WATER SAVING MEASURES IN THE INKOMATI WMA
Water Use Sector Capital Investment Plan Capital Investment Plan Water Saving Saving Average Incremental cost of water saved
Water Use Sector Capital Cost (Million R) Annual OM Cost (Million R) Mill. m3/a Saving Average Incremental cost of water saved
Domestic Commercial 4.5 1.75 5.00 12 R0.14 per m3
Industrial and Mining 5.5 1.51 2.03 8 R0.58 per m3
Irrigation 150.50 25.93 205 14.8 R0.09 per m3
Total 157.5 31.19 207
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Return on Investment on Water Conservation and
Water Demand Management

• Create an informed public regarding WC/WDM
• Create the culture of WC/WDM through water use
  institutions
• Promote and enforce water wise behaviour
• Capacitate water utilities and institutions on
  WC/WDM
• Improve service delivery
• Address socio economic development of local
  communities through job creation

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THANK YOU