Substance%20Specific%20Chemicals%20OSHA%20Requirements

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Substance Specific ChemicalsOSHA Requirements
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Substance Specific

• There are OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
  for 470 chemicals, but only 28 have substance
  specific standards
• Most are carcinogens or present other serious
  health hazards
• Detailed requirements within each standard for
  compliance

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List of Chemicals

• Asbestos
• Alpha-Napththylamine
• 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
• Beta-Napthylamine
• 4-Aminodiphenyl
• Beta-Propiolactone
• 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
• Vinyl chloride
• Lead
• Benzene
• Cotton dust
• Acrylonitrile
• Formaldehyde
• 4-Nitrobiphenyl

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List of Chemicals

• Methyl chloromethyl ether
• Bis-Chloromethyl ether
• Benzidine
• Ethyleneimine
• 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
• 2-Acetylaminofluorene
• N-Nitrosodimethylamine
• Inorganic Arsenic
• Cadmium
• Coke oven emissions
• Ethylene oxide
• Methylenedianiline
• 1,2-Butadiene
• Methylene Chloride

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Substance Specific

• These standards typically specify
• Action Level (usually one-half of the 8-hr PEL)
• Exposure monitoring
• Medical surveillance- may require specific tests
• Information and training
• Written compliance plans
• Respiratory protection/PPE
• Hygiene facilities and practices
• Establishment of regulated areas

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Specific Chemicals

• Benzene
• 29 CFR 1910.1028
• Inorganic Arsenic
• 29 CFR 1910.1018
• Lead
• 29 CFR 1910.1025
• 29 CFR 1926.62
• Vinyl Chloride
• 29 CFR 1910.1017
• Hydrogen Sulfide

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Benzene

• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is 1 ppm (8-hr
  Time Weighted Average (TWA) Short Term Exposure
  Limit (STEL) 5 ppm skin
• Action Level is below typical PID sensitivity
• Colorless liquid with sweet aromatic odor
• Poor warning properties mean odor threshold is
  34 ppm

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Benzene

• Flammable liquid
• Typically found combined with other petroleum
  hydrocarbons
• Air monitoring options include
• Benzene specific instruments such as the UltraRae
  Benzene PGM-7200
• Detector tubes (e.g. Draeger)
• Sample media for laboratory analysis

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Benzene Health Hazards

• Target organs
• Blood forming systems, bone marrow
• Central nervous system
• Eyes, skin, respiratory system

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Benzene Exposure Symptoms

• Acute exposure
• Breathless, irritable, giddy, headache, dizzy,
  nausea
• Eye, nose, respiratory tract irritation
• Convulsion/coma from severe exposure
• Skin blistering
• Chronic exposure
• Leukemia
• Aplastic anemia
• Dermatitis

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Benzene Medical Exams

• Medical surveillance for
• gt Action Level 30 days per year
• gt PEL 10 days per year
• Emergency exposure
• If blood chemistry indicate benzene impacts
• Referral for specialized exams
• Extensive protocols for removal/job protection

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Inorganic Arsenic

• PEL 10 µg/M3 (0.01 mg/m3)
• Action Level 5 µg/M3 (.005 mg/m3)
• Properties vary by compound
• Most commonly found at former pesticide sites
• Arsenic air monitoring requires a sampling pump,
  media, and laboratory analysis. Total
  dust/respirator dust monitoring is useful after
  the ratio of arsenic to total dust is known.

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Inorganic Arsenic

• Target Organs
• Skin
• Respiratory system
• Kidney, liver, GI tract
• Central nervous system
• Possible fetal effects

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Inorganic Arsenic Symptoms

• Acute exposure
• Poisoning by inhalation is rare
• Chronic exposure
• Dermatitis, ulcerations to skin/nasal septum
• Weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Cancer (skin, lung, possibly liver)

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Lead

• Two lead substance-specific standards
• General Industry 29 CFR 1910.1025
• Construction 29 CFR 1926.62
• URS often involved with construction version
• Applies to remediation, verses investigation
• Removal of lead-impacted soils
• Lead-based paint work demolition activities

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Lead

• OSHA PEL is 0.050 mg/M3 (50 µg/M3) as TWA
• Action Level is 0.030 mg/M3 (30 µg/M3) as TWA
• Air monitoring requires sampling pump, filter
  media, and laboratory analysis. XRF lead paint
  instruments provide real time measurement of lead
  content in paint, but not airborne
  concentrations.

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Lead Health Hazards

• Target Organs
• GI tract
• Central nervous system
• Kidneys
• Blood
• Gingival tissue
• Reproductive system
• Acute exposure
• Gastroenteritis
• Chronic exposure
• Anemia, constipation, abdominal pain
• Peripheral nerve damage (wrist/ankle drop)
• Colic
• Gum lead line
• Fetal neural impacts
• Lead accumulates in the body

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Lead Requirements

• One of the more stringent standards
• Blood lead determination prior to job periodic
• Mandatory minimum Level C PPE
• Regulated work areas
• Shower and change facilities
• Exposure monitoring
• Some exceptions check with your Regional HSE
  Manager

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Vinyl Chloride

• PEL 1 ppm
• Action Level 0.5 ppm
• Colorless liquid/gas with faint odor
• High vapor pressure/vapor density
• Extreme fire/explosive hazard
• Incompatible with oxidizers, copper, aluminum,
• iron, steel
• Typically found in landfill gases as a by-product
  of chlorinated solvent degradation
• Air monitoring requires sample pump, filter
  media, and laboratory analysis or detector tubes

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Vinyl Chloride Health Hazards

• Routes of entry
• Respiratory
• Ingestion personal hygiene is very important
• Target Organs
• Liver (carcinogen)
• Central nervous system
• Blood
• Respiratory system
• Lymphatic system
• Possible reproductive system

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Vinyl Chloride Symptoms

• Acute Exposure
• Frostbite on liquid contact
• Low toxicity by inhalation
• Chronic Exposure
• Sluggishness
• Abdominal pain
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Enlarged liver
• Pallor or blueness of extremities
• Liver cancer

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Vinyl Chloride Medical Surveillance

• Any employee exposed gt0.5 ppm Action Level will
  be provided the opportunity for exams/testing
• Provided at time of initial assignment, or upon
  beginning medical surveillance, or as a result of
  emergency exposure
• General physical exam/medical history with
  specific attention to
• Detecting enlargement/dysfunction of the liver,
  spleen or kidneys
• Abnormalities in skin, connective tissues, or
  pulmonary system
• Written physicians statement of findings,
  including opinion regarding use of PPE and
  respirators

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Hydrogen Sulfide

• OSHA PEL 10 ppm 20 ppm ceiling
• California STEL 15 ppm (15 minutes)
• Dense, low-lying gas
• High vapor pressure (gt17 atm)
• Fire/explosion hazard
• Potential exposure sources include sewers,
  landfills, and petroleum refining, paper/pulp
  mills

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Hydrogen Sulfide

• Hydrogen Sulfide gas
• Smells like rotten eggs
• Most people can detect it at 0.008 ppm
• Odor is not a reliable indicator of hazard
• Sense of smell can become fatigued increasing
  levels may no longer be detectable without
  instruments
• Air monitoring options include H2S specific
  monitors as part of most four-gas confined space
  monitoring units, and detection tubes

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H2S Health Hazards

• Acute Exposures
• Respiratory paralysis (chemical asphyxiate)
  leading to unconsciousness and death
• At lower concentrations
• Headache, dizziness, upset stomach
• Eye effects at exposures slightly above PEL

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Hydrogen Sulfide

• Each person should have own H2S detector
• Wear it on belt, pants, or chest (never on
  hardhat)
• Detector must have audible alarm at 10 ppm
• Dual audible/vibration alarm is preferred
• If alarm sounds, notify others and evacuate