CKM Phases: f1/

1
CKM Phases f1/ß
Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)
Belle and BaBar results
Measurements of large CPV in b?c c s
modes Studies in b?c c d modes Search for New
Physics CPV in b?s penguin modes
_
_
2
KM ansatz CPV is due to a complex phase in the
quark mixing matrix
3
The B Physics Program

• Quark couplings are complex and lead to
• CP violation. Is CP violation a result of
• a single weak phase in the KM matrix ?
• Or is it a signal of new interactions beyond
• the Standard Model ?
• Is there new physics in loop decays ?

4
Notational Conventions
Three Angles (f1,f2,f3) or (ß, a, ?)
Birthname Matsui Nickname Godzilla
f1 b f2
a f3 g
5
sin2?1 from B?fCP B?B?fCP interf.
Sanda, Bigi Carter
J/y
Vcb
B0

KS
?V2
?
td
J/y
V
Vtb
td
B0
B0
KS
V
Vtb
td
6
Mixing-induced CPV asymmetry
?f 1 for CP??1
a.k.a
B0
B0
t
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Principle of the Measurement
Flavor-tag decay (B0 or B0 ?)
J/?
e?
fCP
e?
KS
t0
?z
B - B B B
more Bs
t ? ?z/(cß?)
more Bs
(1-2w)sin2?1
(1-2w)sin2?1
8
If there is more than one diagram and additional
weak phases, there is the possibility of direct
CPV and a new term with a cos(?m?t) time
dependence.
with q1
C(Babar)-A(Belle)
9
Requirements for CPV measmts.

• Many B mesons Br (B?fCP) O(10?3 )
• 2003 PEP-II? 131 fb-1 KEKB ? 158 fb-1 , 10
  taken
• below resonance.
• Reconstructisolate CP eigenstate decays
• Kinematic variables for signal (cont. bkg
  supprPID).
• Tag flavor of the other B
• Hierachial NN (Babar) or Likelihood (Belle) based
  flavor tagging
• Measure decay-time difference
• Asymmetric beam energies, high precision
  vertexing(?z)
• Likelihood fit to the ?t distributions

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The PEPII Collider (magnetic separation)
Int(L dt)131 fb-1
On resonance113 fb-1
9 x 3.0 GeV L(6.5 x 1033)/cm2/sec
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The KEKB Collider (8 x 3.5 GeV, X angle)
World record L(1.0 x 1034)/cm2/sec Int(L dt)
158 fb-1 On-resonance 140 fb-1
KEKB Collider
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12
The BaBar Detector
13
Belle Detector
Aerogel Cherenkov cnt. n1.0151.030
SC solenoid 1.5T
3.5GeV e
CsI(Tl) 16X0
TOF counter
8GeV e-
Tracking dE/dx small cell He/C2H5
m / KL detection 14/15 lyr. RPCFe
Si vtx. det. 3 lyr. DSSD
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Kinematic variables for the ?(4S)
Energy difference

Beam-constrained mass
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Belle 2003 CP eigenstates (bg ccs)
_
140 fb-1 , 152 x 106 BB pairs
2911 events are used in the fit.
BELLE-CONF-0344
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Belle 2003 B0 ?? KL signal
Event display
J/? KL
139967 signal
pB (cms)
2332 events with a purity of 0.60
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Flavor-tag the other B meson
Figure of merit(Q) e(1-2 w)2 a.k.a effective
tagging efficiency

• Inclusive Leptons
• high-p l? b? c l? n
• intermed-p l s l? n
• Inclusive Hadrons
• high-p p B0?D()? p, D()? r, etc.
• intermed-p K K X, p?p0
• low-p p? D0 p?

Babar Neural Net based approach, 28.10.7
Belle Likelihood based approach, 28.70.5
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Belle Tagging Performance with B?Dl- ?
_
B0 B0 mixing
(OF-SF)/(OFSF) (1-2 w)cos(?m t)

12 r-bins, 6 divisions in r. B0 and B0 tags
treated separately.
_
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Beam spot 110 µm x 5 µm x 0.35 cm
Both experiments use double-sided silicon strip
detectors to measure ?z. CM Boosts Belle ß?
0.425 BaBar ß?0.56
Vertex resolutions(Belle) (s(zcp) 75µm
s(ztag) 140µm)
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New measurement of sin2f1 (Belle 2003)
140 fb-1
5417 evts
sin2f1 0.7330.0570.028

Poor tags
Raw asymmetry

lccs 1.0070.041(stat)
i.e., consistent with no direct CPV.
Good tags
BELLE-CONF-0353
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Compare CP odd and CP even (Belle 2003)
Raw asymmetry (all r-bins)
CP -1 sample sin2f1 0.730.06
CP 1 sample (B0gJ/y KL) sin2f1 0.800.13
BELLE-CONF-0353
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Measurement of sin2f1 (BaBar 2002)
81 fb-1
CP Eigenstate Sample
hep-ex/0207042, PRL 89, 201802 (2002)
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Status/history of results for sin(2f1)/sin(2ß)
Belle 2001 sin(2f1) 0.990.140.06
Babar 2001 sin(2f1) 0.590.140.05
First signals for CPV outside of the kaon sector
Belle 140 fb-1 sin(2f1) 0.7330.0570.028
BaBar 81 fb-1 sin(2f1) 0.7410.0670.033
Now becoming a precision measurement
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Current Belle and BaBar Results for sin(2f1)
sin2f1 (Belle 2003,140 fb-1) 0.7330.0570.028
sin2f1 (BaBar 2002, 81 fb-1) 0.7410.0670.033
sin2f1 (New 2003 World Av.) 0.7360.049
Thanks to A. Hoecker
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CPV in b?(c c d) decays
Tree
Penguin

The same CPV phase as in B? J/? KS but may have
penguin pollution.
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_
CPV in b?(c c d) decays B?? p0
407
BaBar
81 fb-1
Belle
88.610.0
140 fb-1
8.2 peaking bkg
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_
CPV in b?(c c d) decays B?? p0
BaBar 2003
Belle 2003
0.37
sin(2f1eff )0.72 0.08
sin(2f1eff )0.050.490.16
-0.42
BELLE-CONF-0342
hep-ex/0303018
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Determination of the CP content of B?D D-
Angular PDF integrated over Ftr,
DD transversity frame
Can extract the CP content from a fit to ?tr
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Determination of the CP content of B?D D-
BaBar B? D D-
15614 signal
BaBar Rperp 0.0630.0550.009
Thus B?D D- is mostly CP even
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_
CPV in b?(c c d) decays B?D D-
Babar 2003
sin(2f1eff )-0.050.290.10
_
2.5 s from b?c c s, might indicate SM penguin
contribution is present.
?0.750.190.02
Consistent with 1 or no direct CPV
hep-ex/0303004
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CPV in b?(c c d) decays B?D D-
BaBar
C--0.47 0.400.12
S--0.820.75 0.14
C--0.220.370.10
S--0.240.69 0.12
In the limit of no penguins and factorization.
S-S- -sin(2f1) and C-C-0
hep-ex/0306052
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Belle 2003 Observation of D D-
140 fb-1

• Yield 24.3 6.0
• Significance 5.0
• Efficiency 7.95
• BF (2.46 0.61 0.42) x 104
• Control sample B?DsD

Belle
_
This b?c c d mode can also be used in the future
for time dependent CPV analyses.
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_
Summary of CPV in b?(c c d) decays
Old Belle value used
sin(2f1eff )
Errors are large for these modes so that it is
difficult to verify whether there is large
penguin pollution. There is a 2.5 s hint for
penguin pollution in Babars result for B?D D
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Dreams of New Physics with CPV in rare B decays.
In the SM, for pure b?s modes
sin(2f1)eff sin(2f1)(B?? KS)
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Hunting for new phases in b?s penguins
B? ?KS
Large rates for exclusive and inclusive B?? Xs
decays.
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Search for New Physics in the B? ?KS decay
Belle 2003
140 fb-1
BaBar 2003
81 fb-1
24421

Belle S?Ks 0.430.270.05
Babar S?Ks 0.020.340.03

(A-0.010.160.04)
(A-0.100.220.03)
Current WA sin(2f1)0.7310.056
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Belle 2003140 fb-1
19918
CPV in the B? K K- KS (b?s) penguin decay. (no
KS f)
200xx
0.18 -0.00
SKKKs 0.51 0.26 0.05

The third error is due to uncertainty in the CP
content.
Belle
(A-0.170.160.04)
In the absence of New Physics, SKKKs sin (2f1)
Current WA sin (2f1)0.7310.056
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Hunting for phases from new physics
110 fb-1
709
Theoretically cleanest example
140 fb-1
6811
Belle
In the SM, sin(2f1)eff sin(2f1) (B?? KS )
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2002 Status of new phases in b?s penguins
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BaBar 2003CPV in B?f KS
BaBar 2003 110 fb-1
(A0.380.370.12)
BaBar 2003 sin2f1eff (f KS) 0.450.430.07
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BaBar 2003B?f KS Systematic Issues
sin2f1eff (f KS) -0.180.510.09
81 fb-1
sin2f1eff (f KS) 0.450.430.07
110 fb-1
Data size increased and was reprocessed.
Extensive checks with data and Toy MC. The large
change is attributed to a 1s statistical
fluctuation.
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BaBar 2003B?f KS Systematic Issues
Systematics are small and well understood from
b?c cbar s studies
43
Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?f KS
Poor tags
Good tags
44
Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?f KS
140 fb-1
Poor flavor tags
Good flavor tags
45
Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?f KS
140 fb-1
Belle
(A-0.150.290.07)
0.09
Belle sin2f1eff -0.96 0.50
-0.11
3.5s off
Current WA sin(2f1)0.7310.056
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Belle 2003 CP Fit for B?f K Control Sample
No sin-like asymmetry.
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Systematic issues in the Belle Measurement of CPV
in B?f KS
CP in the background (7.21.7) K K KS
(measured)
1.9
(1.6 ) f0 KS
-1.5
These effects are included in the systematic error
Correlation between A and S ? A-0.15 0.290.07
If A is fixed to zero, S-0.990.50
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Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?f KS
SM
Feldman-Cousins treatment including systematic
from CP in the background finds the ? KS value
ruled out at 99.95 CL or 3.5 s
sin2f1eff(f KS)
49
BaBar CPV with B0 ? Ks p0 b?s d dbar
asymmetry
Reconstruct B ? Ks p0 vertex using Ks trajectory
and boost trajectory
p
p-
boosted U(4s)
Ks
e
e-
p0
Dz
mES
In the absence of New Physics, S
sin(2f1) 0.7310.056
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Sensitivity to new physics phases
The Killer App for the super B Factory
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Conclusions
New precise measurement of sin(2f1) from Belle in
b?c c s modes. Large CPV measured in these decays
by BaBar and Belle consistent with the CKM
framework.
_
_
Measurements of CPV in b?c c d modes not yet
precise enough to detect whether there is penguin
pollution.
CPV in b?s penguins a surprise in B?f KS. Belle
finds a 3.5s deviation from the SM while BaBar
moves closer towards the SM.
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Backup Slides
53
Belle 2003 Table of sin2f1 values for b?c cbar s
CP eigenstates.
BELLE-CONF-0353
54
Belle 2003 Table of yields for b?c cbar s CP
eigenstates.
BELLE-CONF-0353
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Belle 2003 Systematic Uncertainties for b?s CPV
modes
.
fKs
h'Ks
KKK

• S A S A S A
• Wtag fractions 0.018 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.00
  5 0.007
• Physics parameters 0.033 0.002 0.006 0.002 0
  .003 0.003
• Vertexing 0.022 0.046 0.016 0.027 0.044 0
  .024
• Background fraction 0.053 0.035 0.045 0.026
  0.029 0.036
• Background Dt 0.015 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.01
  0 0.006
• Resolution function 0.013 0.005 0.004 0.003
  0.007 0.004
• KKKs f0Ks bkg. 0.001 0.039
• -0.084
• Sum 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04
• -0.11

Systematics are small and well understood from
b?c cbar s studies

56
Belle vs BaBar

• Belle sin2f1eff (B?fKS)
• BaBar sin2f1eff (B?fKS)0.450.430.07
• There is a 2.1 s discrepancy between the exps.
• Average -0.150.33 (Still 2.7s from the SM)

57
Mystery of Large Inclusive B?? Xs
gluon anomaly
0.7 -1.0
B?? Xs (6.8 1.0 0.5 )x 10-4
c.f. Babar hep-ex/0109034
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BaBar B?? Xs inclusive
QCD anomaly e.g D.Atwood and A.Soni, W.S. Hou
and Tseng KaganPetrov CLEO ?(1S) data show
that the ? gg form factor falls off too fast.
c.f. AliParkhomenko, E. Kou
BaBar
3-body
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Signals for Belle b?s CPV analysis.
Signals for BaBar b-gts
60
B0 ? KK-KS CP ?1 Mixture
Since B0 ? KK-KS is 3-body decay, the final
state is a mixture of CP ?1. How can we
determine the admixture ?
CP ?1 fraction is equal to that of leven/odd
CP 1
CP 1
K
J0
J0
J0
decay
l
KS
B0
CP (-1)l
l
K-
J0
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B0 ? KK-KS CP ?1 Content

• l-even fraction in K0K0gt can be determined by
  KSKSgt system
• Add K to above kets

• Using isospin symmetry

1.0260.15(stat)0.05(sys)
0
100 CP Even
-15
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Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?f KS
All r bins
63
Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?KK- KS
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Belle 2003 CP Asymmetry in B?? KS
65
Belle 2003 Toy MC studies of the errors for B?f
KS
Errors are slightly larger than expected.
66
Belle 2003 CPV in b?s modes (additional details)
67
Belle 2003 CPV in b?s modes (additional details)
68
Limits on DG and search for CP, T, CPT violation
in mixing
(CP/CPT violation)
(CP/T violation)
69
N(hKS)14612
Search for New Physics in the B? ?KS penguin
decay.
0.05 -0.06
Belle S?Ks 0.710.37

Babar S?Ks 0.020.340.03
Belle
In the absence of New Physics, S?Ks sin (2f1)
(a.k.a. sin(2ß))
Current WA sin(2f1)0.7340.055
70
Control samplesResolution Parameters and B0
and B? Lifetime
tB0 1.533 ? 0.008(stat) ps (PDG2003
1.537 0.015) tB 1.634 ?
0.011(stat) ps (PDG2003 1.671 0.018)
B0
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2002 Status of new phases in b?s penguins
(hep-ph/0209290), J-P Lee, K. Y. Lee (hep-
ph/0208226) B. Dutta, C.S. Kim and S. Oh
(hep-ph/0208091), M. Raidal (hep-ph/0208087), M.
Ciuchini, L. Silvestrini (hep-ph/0208016), A.
Datta(hep-ph/0208005), H. Murayama(
hep-ph/0207356), G. Hiller (hep-ph/0207070),
M-B. Causse (hep-ph/0208080) Y. Nir .
Belle
Belle sin2f1eff -0.73 0.64 0.22 Babar
sin2f1eff -0.180.51 0.09
WA sin2f1eff (f KS) -0.38 0.41
2.7s off
72
BaBar 2002B?f KS
BaBar 2002 81 fb-1
Babar 2002 sin2f1eff (f KS) -0.180.510.09