MYOLOGY STUDY OF MUSCLE IS CALLED

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MYOLOGYSTUDY OF MUSCLE IS CALLED MYOLOGY

• MUSCLE It is an ordinary arrangement of
  
• Connective tissue and
  contractile cells.
• FUNCTIONS
• 1. Movement -gt alternative contraction and
• relaxation
• 2. Protection of vessels and nerves
• 3. Pumping of blood.
• 5. Shapes to the organs body
• 6. Transportation (food, blood, waste products)

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MYOLOGY

• TYPES OF MUSCLES
• - Based on their shape and innervation
• muscles are divided in to 3 Types
• 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE (Striated Voluntary)
• 2. CARDIAC MUSCLE (Striated Involuntary)
• 3. SMOOTH MUSCLE (Plain Involuntary)

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MYOLOGY

• 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE -
• Attached to bone and produce movement.
• Also called striated voluntary.
• (Presence of striations and under will
  control)
• PARTS (MACROSTRUCTURE) -
• PROXIMAL ATTACHEMENT
• (ORIGIN OR HEAD)
• 2. BELLY (BODY)
• 3. DISTAL ATTACHEMENT
• (INSERTION OR TENDON)

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MYOLOGY

• 1. PROXIMAL ATTACHEMENT -
• Attachment that least moves
• 2. DISTAL ATTACHEMENT -
• Attachment that moves most
• - Ends of muscles form in to cards of fiber
  tissue
• called TENDONS
• 3. Belly -
• - Middle flabby part of muscle is called
  BELLY
• APONEUROSIS- Thin strong fibrous sheet of flat
  muscles
• RAPHAE- Inter digitations of tendenious ends of
  muscle fibers

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MYOLOGY

• STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (MICRO)-
• PARTS -
• 1. FASCICLE
• 2. MUSCLE CELL
• (Muscle fiber)
• 3. MYOFIBRIEL
• 4. MYOFILEMENTS

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MYO FILAMENTS
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MYOLOGY

• 1.FASCICLE -
• - Group of muscle cell bind together
• and form Fascicle
• 2. Muscle cell -
• - Elongated cells
• 3. MYOFIBRIEL-
• - Cylindrical, threadlike bundles of
• myofilaments
• 4. MYOFILAMENT-
• - Contractile protein elements of muscle

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MYOLOGY

• MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER -
• (INTRACELLULAR ORGANIZATION)
• 1. NUCLEUS Cellular structure contains
  D.N.A.
• (genetic)
  material
• 2. SARCOLEMMA Specific name of the
• plasma
  membrane.
• 3. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM (S.R.)
• Name of Endoplasmic reticulum.
• It interconnects tubules surrounding each
  
• myofibril like a slaves of a swatter
• 4.TERMINAL CISTERNAE
• Sac like regions of Sarcoplasmic Reticulm
  (S.R.).
• It carries Ca ions.

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MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER
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MYOLOGY

• 5. T TUBULES
• Invaginations of sarcolemma projecting
  deep
• in to muscle fibers called
  T-tubules
• opens out on to the surface of the
  Sarcolemma.
• 6. TRIAD - -gt
  Terminal cisternae
• It is a group of 3 units -- - -gt T-tubule
• - -gt
  Terminal cisternae
• 7. CYTOSOL
• Intra cellular fluid.
• Organelles of cell are suspended init.
• 8. MITOCHONDRIA
• A.T.P. Synthesizers, powerhouses of
  cell,
• suspended in cytosol.

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MYOLOGY
MYOFIBRIL

• MYOFIBRIL
• - Thread like Cylindrical
• bundles of
• contractile filaments
• MYOFILAMENTS
• - Contractile proteins of
• muscle cell.
• 2 TYPES
• 1. THIN FILAMENT
• (Protein ACTIN)
• 2. THICK FILAMENT
• (Protein MYOSIN )

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MYOLOGY

• COVERS OF MUSCLE TISSUE
• Muscle tissue is covered by
• 3 layers of connective tissue sheathes. They
  are,
• Epimysium Outermost sheath covers each muscle
  bulk.
• Perimysium Middle sheath that covers each
  fascicle.
• Endomysium Innermost sheath that covers each
  muscle fiber.

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1. SKELETAL MUSCLE

• HISTOLOGY
• - Elongated cells
• - Visible striations
• - Multiple, peripheral nuclei.
• - Voluntary
• Eg Biceps brachi

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CARDIAC MUSCLE

• - Branched cells
• - single central nuclei
• - visible strations
• - Involuntary
• PROPERTY gt SPONTANIOUS RHYTHMICAL
  CONTRACTION
• Eg Myocardium of heart.

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SMOOTH MUSCLE

• - Spindle shaped cells
• - Single central nucleus
• - No visible striations
• - Involuntary
• Eg Stomach, Urinary bladder, Uterus.

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MYOLOGY

• TWO JOINT MUSCLE
• Muscle which crosses two or more
  joints and performs two opposite actions at the
  two different joints are called TWO JOINT
  MUSCLE
• Eg. Gastrocnemius
• contraction -gt Flexion of knee Ext. of
  foot (D.F.)
• APPLIED ANATOMY
• Spasticity (Hypertonecity) Increased tone of
  the muscle
• Flacidity (Hypotonecity) Decreased tone of
  the muscle
• Atrophy or wasting Decreased size of
  muscle
• Hypertrophy Increased size
  of muscle bulk
• Fatigue Short lasting
  weakness of muscle
• - x -