The Great Depression

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The Great Depression The New Deal

• Chapters 22 23

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Study for test!

• Chapters 22 23

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HOMEWORK Due FridayFranklin Roosevelts New
DealIdentify the following important aspects of
the New Deal
StarterWrite these Down!

• New Deal
• Fireside Chats
• Glass-Steagall Act (especially the FDIC)
• Federal Securities Act
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Social Security Act

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STARTER Friday, May 2

• Read pages 711-713 and answer the three questions
  below
• What was Roosevelts Black Cabinet? What did it
  do?
• Why didnt Roosevelt support full civil rights
  for African Americans?
• How did New Deal policies affect Native
  Americans?
• Read Historical Spotlight Deportation of
  Mexican Americans on page 712 and answer the
  question below
• Why do you think Mexican Americans were met with
  hostility during the Depression?

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GROUP 3
Writers
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1930-1939 Video

1. What was the Bonus Army?
2. What happened during Roosevelts first 100 days?
3. How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles?
4. What was FDRs stance on the war when World War
   II began in Europe?
5. What was life like in the cities during the Great
   Depression?
6. What segments of the population supported the
   Presidents plan to get us out of the Great
   Depression?
7. What did the CCC do?

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1. What was the Dust Bowl?
2. What group was most effected by the Great
   Depression? Why?
3. Who was John L. Lewis?
4. What games were played during the 30s?
5. How did Jesse Owens upset Hitlers hopes for the
   1936 Olympics?
6. Who was the first woman appointed to the cabinet?
7. What was the cause of the crime crack down of
   the 1930s?
8. Who was the most famous woman of the 1930s? Why?

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• What was the newsreel?
• What was public reaction to The War of the
  Worlds?
• Who was the most famous aviator of the 30s?
• What did the Public Works Administration do?
• What was the dance craze of the 30s?

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The Great Depression The New Deal
Get out your packet, your homework from the
night before last, and pass up your starter
notebook to be graded!
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What Would You Do?

• It is 1929 and the U.S. economy has collapsed.
  Farms, businesses, and banks nationwide are
  failing, causing massive unemployment and
  poverty. You are out of work with little
  prospect of finding a job.
• What would you do to feed your family?
• What can you do to find a paying job?
• What can unemployed and impoverished people do to
  help each other?

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Causes Effects of the Great DepressionChapter
22, Section 1 (Write the question the answer!)

1. Why did key basic industries lose business?
2. Why did the coal mining industry suffer?
3. Why did the farming industry grow weak?
4. Why did more Americans start living on credit?
5. Why did the uneven distribution of income affect
   producers of goods?
6. What advantage did Hoover have over Smith in the
   Presidential election of 1928?

NEXT SLIDE
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• What is meant by a bull market?
• Explain what is meant by buying stocks on
  speculation and buying on margin.
• What did shareowners do with their stocks in
  September/October of 1929?
• What was Black Tuesday?
• Why did banks fail after the stock market crash?
• Why did the Great Depression impact Europe as
  well?

NEXT SLIDE
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Watch the video Broke, but not Broken answer
these questions

1. What choices did Ann Marie Lows family make
   during the Depression? Do you agree with their
   choices? Explain.
2. What did you learn about the relationship between
   the government farmers?
3. What did the older Ann Marie Lows comments add
   to your understanding of the Great Depression?

NEXT SLIDE
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Chapter 22, Section 2Complete the chart,
describing the hardships faced during the Great
Depression
HARDSHIP DESCRIPTION
Life in the Cities
The Dust Bowl
Men in the Streets
Women Struggle
Children Face Hardships
Social/Psychological Effects
NEXT SLIDE
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Chapter 22, Section 3Write the questions and the
answersHoover the Depression

1. What did Hoover believe was the governments
   chief function during the Depression?
2. Why did Hoover oppose federal welfare?
3. Name three ways Americans protested Hoovers
   efforts to get the nation out of the Depression?
4. What were some of the projects Hoover proposed to
   get the nation out of the Depression? How
   effective were they?
5. What did Hoover ultimately do about the Bonus
   Army?

NEXT SLIDE
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Great Depression New Deal Packet

• What Would You Do?
• Chapter 22, Section 1 Questions
• Broke but not Broken Video Questions
• Chapter 22, Section 2 Chart
• Chapter 22, Section 3 Questions

STOP! Youre done!
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Why did key basic industries lose business?

• Older industries gave way to the industries of
  new technologies
• Example the railroad industry (and those
  industries associated with it) gave way to the
  automobile industry
• The end of the war led to the decrease in
  business for some industries
• New sources of energy replaced old sources of
  energy

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Why did the coal mining industry suffer?

• New sources of energy were used, including
  hydroelectric power, fuel oil, and natural gas

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Why did the farming industry grow weak?

• End of the war led to less demand for crops
• Farmers had taken out loans during the war and
  when demand fell and crop prices fell, farmers
  went in debt
• Farms were lost and they defaulted on their loan

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Why did more Americans start living on credit?

• People were buying less due to high prices,
  stagnant wages, an uneven distribution of income,
  and overbuying on credit
• People lived on credit so they could have new
  items.
• When you purchased items on credit, you would
  have to pay interest charges
• People went into debt

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Why did the uneven distribution of income affect
producers of goods?

• Many people could not afford expensive goods,
  such as refrigerators

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• What is meant by a bull market?
• A period of rising stock prices
• Americans were rushing to buy stocks during a
  bull market

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• Explain what is meant by buying stocks on
  speculation and buying on margin.
• Speculation Buying a stock/bond on the hopes of
  a quick return (profit) on your investment
• Buying on Margin paying only a small percentage
  of what the stock is worth or, only putting a
  down payment down on the stock borrowing the
  rest from a bank
• Very little regulation of the stock market
  existed the government did not interfere

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• What did shareowners do with their stocks in
  September/October of 1929?
• They sold them as quickly as they could because
  they suspected the stock market would crash

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• What was Black Tuesday?
• The day (October 29, 1929) the stock market
  crashed
• 16.4 million shares were dropped that day many
  could not find buyers
• People who had bought stocks were either left in
  debt or their savings were gone
• Within a few weeks, 30 billion was lost buy
  investors

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• Why did banks fail after the stock market crash?
• Many banks failed because they had no money they
  had used peoples money to invest in the stock
  market as well!
• At this time, the government had not started to
  protect insure the money in the banks
• DIGITAL ESSAY

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• Why did the Great Depression impact Europe as
  well?
• Europe was still trying to recover from the war
• Many nations were trying to pay off war debts
  Germany was paying reparations
• America limited imports to protect its economy
  (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)
• In return, other nations did not buy our products
  

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HARDSHIP DESCRIPTION
Life in the Cities
The Dust Bowl
Men in the Streets
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HARDSHIP DESCRIPTION
Life in the Cities Unemployment Homelessness Shanytowns created called Hoovervilles Hunger led to soup kitchen bread lines Higher unemployment for African Americans Latinos (in addition to violence, discrimination, deportation)
The Dust Bowl Overproduction of crops destroying of the prairie grass in the Plain Drought winds led to dust flying 100s of miles People (Okies) in the Dust Bowl moved to California looking for work
Men in the Streets Men couldnt support their families (some men abandoned their families) They took to the streets daily looking for work Hobos No direct relief was available at this time
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HARDSHIP DESCRIPTION
Women Struggle
Children Face Hardships
Social/Psycho-logical Effects
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HARDSHIP DESCRIPTION
Women Struggle Canned food Sewed clothes Some worked outside the home, but this caused resentment because there were so many men without jobs
Children Face Hardships Poor health School closings Worked in factories teens became Hoover tourists
Social/Psycho-logical Effects Suicides Mental hospitals Sacrifices made People became determined not to be poor again Kindness shown to strangers
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What did Hoover believe was the governments
chief function during the Depression?

• To foster cooperation between conflicting groups
  and interests
• The government should step in to solve problems,
  but not force cooperation

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Starter Monday, May 5

• Get out your Great Depression Packet
• Get your starter notebook homework notebook
  that are already graded

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Why did Hoover oppose federal welfare?

• He believed hand-outs would weaken peoples
  self-respect moral fiber
• He believed America was based on individualism
  and it was not the job of the government to take
  care of individuals and their families
• Individuals (people, charities, local
  organizations) should pitch in to help, not the
  government

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Name three ways Americans protested Hoovers
efforts to get the nation out of the Depression?

1. The Republicans (Hoovers party) were voted out
   of Congress in the 1930 elections
2. Farmers burned and dumped their crops rather than
   sell them at a loss
3. Farmers blocked roads to prevent food from
   getting to market
4. A negative view of Hoover developed
5. Shantytowns were called Hoovervilles
6. Newspapers were called Hoover blankets
7. Empty pockets (inside out) were called Hoover
   flags

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What were some of the projects Hoover proposed to
get the nation out of the Depression? How
effective were they?

1. Boulder Dam- successful in getting power and
   water to California aided in agricultural
   production
2. Federal Home Loan Bank Act- lowered mortgage
   rates allowed farmers to refinance their loans
3. Reconstruction Finance Corporation- offered
   financing to businesses, believing this would
   help average people this was unsuccessful and
   was seen a too little, too late

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What did Hoover ultimately do about the Bonus
Army?

• Tear gassed, troops moved in with bayonets, fires
  were started, people were shot.
• People were stunned at the governments response
  to these veterans

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Franklin Roosevelts New DealIdentify the
following things that are not important aspects
of the New Deal

• New Deal
• Fireside Chats
• Glass-Steagall Act (especially the FDIC)
• Federal Securities Act
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Social Security Act

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New Deal

• Roosevelts program for getting the nation out of
  the Great Depression
• He wanted to give the American people a New
  Deal
• Three goals
• Relief for the needy
• Economic recovery
• Financial reform

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Fireside Chats

• Roosevelt gave fireside chats to keep the
  nation informed on issues of public concern
• He gave these national addresses of the radio
  Americans felt he was speaking directly to them!

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Glass-Steagall Act (especially the FDIC)

• Glass-Steagall Act established the FDIC
• The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
  provided government insurance for individual bank
  accounts up to 5,000
• This made people feel their money was safe
• Banks also had to act cautiously with their
  customers money

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Federal Securities Act

• This law provided regulation of the stock market
• Corporations are required to provide complete
  information regarding their stock offerings

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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

• The government regulated the amount of crops
  produced
• By doing this, crop prices rose because
  production was lowered
• The government paid farmers NOT to cultivate all
  of their land
• This did help farmers have more money because
  prices increased
• This law was found unconstitutional by the
  Supreme Court (they stated that agriculture was a
  local matter, not a federal matter)

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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• A work relief program that put young men (18-25)
  to work building roads, developing parks,
  planting trees, and helping in soil erosion and
  flood control
• They helped plant trees in the Great Plains to
  prevent another Dust Bowl
• Workers were paid in cash and they ate and lived
  for free

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• Our greatest task is to put people to work. This
  is no unsolveable problem if we face it wisely
  and courageously. It can be accomplished in part
  by direct recruiting by the Government itself,
  treating the task as we would treat the emergency
  of war, but at the same time, through this
  employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects
  to stimulate and reorganize the use of our
  national resources.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt 4 March 1933

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National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

• Law that established fair practices in industry
  (ex. Set prices of many products and established
  standards)
• Law that established jobs to construct schools
  and other community buildings
• This law was found unconstitutional by the
  Supreme Court (it gave the executive branch
  legislative power)

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

• A series of programs to help youths,
  professionals and others find employment
• Worked in construction, collect historical
  material, gave aid to students to go to school

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Social Security Act

• Probably the most important achievements of the
  New Deal
• Provides the following
• Retirement
• Unemployment compensation
• Aid to families with dependent children the
  disabled

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Social Security Act

• Probably the most important achievements of the
  New Deal
• Provides the following
• Retirement
• Unemployment compensation
• Aid to families with dependent children the
  disabled

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The Legacy of the New Deal

• The government actively participated in
  regulating the economy
• People were given direct relief from the
  government
• The government went into debt from all of the
  government spending
• What really ended the Great Depression was
• World War II started
• The economy got a massive boost from the
  production of war supplies!

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Test Review

• Causes of the Great Depression (condition of
  farmers, investing in the stock market, buying on
  credit people were in debt)
• Life during the Depression (Dust Bowl,
  shantytowns, women, men in streets, charity)
• Hoovers administration (leave the econ. Alone,
  Bonus army, criticisms)
• New Deal programs
• Significance of the New Deal