The Home Front

1
The Home Front

• Chapter 26
• Section 2

2
Supporting the War EffortChapter 26

• What social changes did the war bring about?
• The war effort brought about social change at
  home.
• War Production Board (WPB) coordinated the
  production of military equipment. 60 of all
  allied material.

3
Supporting the War Effort

• The war ended the Great Depression.
• Gross National Product (GNP) the total value of
  all the goods and services produced by a nation
  during a year.
• 1939 - GNP 90.5 billion.
• 1945 GNP rose to 212 billion.

4
Supporting the War

• Some goods became scarce gasoline, sugar, tires,
  shoes, and meat.
• Auto makers did not produce cars between
  1942-1945.
• Rationing giving families a fixed amount of a
  certain item.
• Raise income taxes and sold war bonds (loans that
  the government promised to repay with interest.)

5
Opportunities and Tensions for Minorities

• New jobs opportunities for minorities.
• Most jobs on the West Coast or in the North.
• Inflamed racial tension. (1943- race riot in
  Detroit).
• A. Philip Randolph, African American labor
  leader, threatened march on Washington.
• Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 outlawing
  discrimination in defense industries.

6
Minorities

• 40,000 Native Americans worked in war industries.
• Braceros Mexican workers 120,000 worked on
  farms.
• Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles after American
  servicemen attacked Mexican Americans.

7
Minorities.

• Segregated units in the armed services.
• Tuskegee Airmen, African-American Pilots and crew
  members served with honor in North Africa and
  Europe.
• Women in demand for work 30or work force.
• Rosie the Riveter famous image of a strong
  woman hard at work at an arms factory symbol for
  women workers.
• 300,000 women in Womens Army Corps(WAC)

8
The Internment of Japanese-Americans.

• What happened to Japanese-Americans after Pearl
  Harbor?
• FDR signed an executive order for Japanese to
  move to internment camps.
• 2/3 Nisei Japanese Americans born in the U.S.
• Korematsu defied order and took to the Supreme
  Court based on unconstitutional because of race.
  Court ruled it constitutional.