10-3 Growth

1
10-3 Growth Expansion 1790-1825Unity and
Sectionalism
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Sectionalism GrowsAfter the War of 1812
political differences seemed to fade away
leading to an Era of Good Feelings.
3
In the 1816 presidential election, Republican
James Monroe had almost no opposition. He
represented a united America free of political
strife.
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The Era of Good Feelings did not last long. Most
Americans thought of themselves as Westerners or
Southerners or Northerners. This sectionalism, or
loyalty to their region, became more intense as
differences arose over national policies.
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Slavery had always been an issue. Most white
Southerners believed slavery was necessary. More
and more Northerners opposed it. To protect
slavery, Southerners stressed the importance of
states' rights .
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The different regions also disagreed on the need
for tariffs, a national bank, and internal
improvements. Internal improvements included
things like canals and roads that would help
develop the nation's transportation system.
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Congressmen John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and
Henry Clay became the spokespersons for their
regions.
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John C. Calhoun, a planter from South Carolina,
was one of the War Hawks.
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He was against high tariffs. He said that tariffs
raised the prices that Southerners had to pay for
the goods they could not produce themselves, and
that high tariffs protected manufacturers who
made bad quality products.
T A R I F F S
10
Daniel Webster supported policies that he thought
would strengthen the nation and help the North,
like the Tariff of 1816. It protected American
industries from foreign competition.
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Webster became known as one of the greatest
orators, or speakers, of his day.
12
Another leading War Hawk, Henry Clay represented
the Western states. Henry Clay became known as
the Great Compromiser because he tried to
resolve sectional disputes through compromise.
13
Henry Clay believed he had a system that would
benefit all parts of the nation. His "American
System" included a protective tariff,
internalimprovements, and a national bank. He
said the tariff would provide money to build
roads and canals.
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Healthy businesses would use their profits to buy
more agricultural products from the South. These
goods would be shipped to the north on the new
transportation system.
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Many Southerners felt the American System favored
the wealthy manufacturers in New England. In
the end, little of Clay's American System went
into effect.
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The Missouri CompromiseIn 1820 Missouri applied
for statehood. The South wanted Missouri admitted
as a slave state. Northerners did not.
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While Congress considered the Missouri question,
Maine also applied for statehood. Henry Clay
helped work out a compromise.
18
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 admitted Missouri
as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The
agreement also banned slavery in the Louisiana
Territory north of the 3630'N parallel.