Title: The Middle East
1Reactions to The Butter Battle Book
- 1. What historical and/or current events could
this book relate to? - 2. How does this book specifically relate to the
Middle East? - 3. Why do you think that the author left the end
open for thought?
2The Middle East
3Three major ethnic groups of the Middle East
- Arabs
- Persians
- Turks
- The major religion is Islam, followed by
Christianity and Judaism.
4Two cultural tools came from the Middle East
5Three religions originated in this region
- Judaism
- Christianity
- Islam
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7Countries with the Largest Muslim Population
1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
Arabs make up only 20 of the total Muslim
population of the world.
8To whom does the term Arabic refer?
- People who speak Arabic and share a common
culture - By what factors are Arabs united?
- Their language, customs, and (to some extent)
their religion
9Muslims practice Islam
- The word Islam means submission or surrender to
the will of God. - An Arab merchant named Muhammed taught that there
was only one Allah, or God. - He said that he was Gods messenger.
- His teachings are the foundation of Islam.
10Dont get confused!
- All 3 Middle Eastern Religions (Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam) are monotheistic (belief
in one god) - Christians, however, believe in God as a trinity
(father, son, holy spirit) and that Jesus was
Gods son - Muslims believe that Muhammed was Gods messenger
(not son) - All 3 share the same foundation through the
lineage of Abraham
11Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12Five pillars of Islam
- The hajj (the pilgrimage to the city of Mecca,
the birthplace of Muhammed) - Belief in one God
- Prayer 5 times daily
- The giving of alms
- Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
13The hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) is an important
aspect of Islam
- Millions travel to Mecca each year!
14What about these required prayers?
The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a
day dawn noon late
afternoon sunset before going
to bed Wash before praying. Face Mecca and use
a prayer rug.
15- The call to prayer by the muezzin in the
minaret. - Pray in the mosque on Friday.
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16- Those who complete the pilgrimage can add
the title hajji to their name.
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17Three non-Arab Muslim groups include
- Turks
- Persians
- Kurds
- Indonesians
- Pakistanis
- Nigerians
18How do the Turks and Persians differ from the
Arabs?
- Although they share the Muslim religion, their
customs and languages are different from those of
the Arabs.
19What foundations of faith do Christians and Jews
have that are comparable to the five pillars?
The Ten Commandments
20Which Middle Eastern people are non-Muslim, and
where do they live?
- ChristiansCyprus and Lebanon
- JewsIsrael
21How are the roles of Middle Eastern women
different from those of the United States and
Western Europe?
- In many Middle Eastern countries, women and men
are expected to live apart more often. - Generally speaking, women have less power and
opportunity in the Middle East. In some
countries, laws limit their conduct and they must
follow strict rules.
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23Bazaars
- Bazaars are outdoor markets where many of the
same items traded long ago are still traded
today. - Textiles, fine carpets, and farm products are
often traded.
24OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
- This organization was formed to help the
oil-producing countries get a fairer price for
their oil.
25More oil facts
- The Middle East and North Africa produce 1/3 of
the worlds oil annually. - Saudi Arabia produces the most oil annually (over
3 billion barrels)! - Oil-rich nations use oil money to produce
schools, airports, highways, ports, hospitals,
and factories.
26Agriculture in Israel
- To farm their harsh lands, the early settlers of
Israel developed two special kinds of farms -
- a moshav (cooperative farm)
- a kibbutz (collective farm)
27Middle Eastern Governments
- Absolute rulers have complete power. Their
authority cannot be challenged. - Most Middle Eastern rulers have traditional
titles such as sultan or emir. - Many governments in the Middle East rely on
Islamic law, or sharia, to govern them fully or
partially.
28A History of Conflict
- The Israelis and the Palestinians have been
fighting for years over a region considered to be
both groups homeland. - Yitzhak Rabin, the prime minister of Israel, and
Yasir Arafat, a Palestinian leader, shook hands
after a peace agreement in 1995, but Rabin was
assassinated before the agreement was put into
action.
29More recently, the Middle East has received a
great deal of attention for an anti-government
Afghan terrorist group.
- There is a Muslim extremist group that has added
a sixth pillar of Islam. This sixth pillar is
the jihad, or holy war. It includes the
belief that dying in the name of Allah sends one
directly to heaven.
30Arts and Recreation
- Storytellers are highly regarded in this region.
- Muslim artists are known for their calligraphy.
- Camel racing is a popular traditional sport.
- Sports and recreation in this area combine old
and new pastimes.