From Weakness to Strength

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Chapter 8

• From Weakness to Strength

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Creating a New Government
Founding Fathers
star spangled banner
Establishing a New Nation Key people in
Americas creation are called the Founding
Fathers - includes George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin John Adams,
James Madison Some of these had signed the
Declaration of Independence
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The Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation are first form of
U.S. constitution - written during Revolution
Georgias Button Gwinnett helped
write Congress Powers State Powers declare
war collect state taxes make treaties print
state money print money support state
militias deliver mail - each state has one vote
in Congress regardless of size
Continued . . .
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The Northwest Ordinance
Congress divides western land Northwest
Territory for settlement Becomes Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, bit of
Minnesota Congress passes Northwest Ordinance
in 1787 - sets up process for territories to
become states - establishes religious freedom,
trial by jury outlaws slavery Ordinance
becomes blueprint for future territories and
states
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National Government Lacks Power

• Under Articles of Confederation, Congress lacked
  power to
• -enforce laws
• -Levy taxes
• -regulate interstate trade
• The Articles required all 13 states to approve
  change in the Articles.

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Shayss Rebellion
Daniel ShaysMassachusetts farmer, war
veteran unable to pay taxes In January 1787
leads other angry farmers to seize guns in
Springfield State troops stop rebellion
Congress lacks resources, power to
help Congress calls meeting to revise Articles
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Abraham Baldwin
Delegates to the Convention
Constitutional Convention meets in
Pennsylvania, 1787 - Georgia sends Abraham
Baldwin, William Few Some want only to revise
Articles some hope to redesign
government Goal is to balance individual
rights with power of central government
William Few
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Framing the Constitution
George Washington elected president of
Convention Discussions kept secret so all can
speak freely
First decisionnew government should remain a
Democratic Republic - republicrepresentatives
chosen by people to govern - democraticgovernme
nt reflects peoples will
Continued . . .
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Compromises Resolve Disputes
Balance of power between large, small states is
greatest argument Under Articles, Congress
has one house Decide Congress should be
bicameral, or have two houses - House of
Representatives votes based on state
population - Senate same number of votes for
each state Bicameral solution called Great
Compromise
Continued . . .
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The Three-Fifths Compromise
Great Compromise creates new issue of how to
count people Southern states want slaves
counted, but not taxed Northern states want
slaves taxed but not counted Three-Fifths
Compromise counts five slaves as three people
- applies to taxation and Congressional
representation
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Other Compromises
Slavery creates new debateNorthern states
want it banned South disagrees, Decide to
reject Constitution if ban passes compromise
reached - Congress will not ban importation of
slaves until 1808 Fourth compromise the
Commerce Clause - allows Congress to collect
taxes, control interstate trade
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The Bill of Rights
Guarantees of Freedoms James Madison writes the
Bill of Rights first act of new
government - protects citizens against
government power - guarantees freedom of speech,
religion, press trial by jury - does not
limit rights not specifically mentioned in
Constitution - becomes first 10 amendments to
the Constitution Constitution sets up national
government states govern themselves
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The Georgia State Constitution
Modeled on National Constitution Temporary
Georgia government writes first state
constitution in 1777 - one-house legislature
John Treutlen is states first governor New
state constitution in 1789 resembles U.S.
Constitution - bicameral legislature,
three-branch government - plans local
government, county seats, counties
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1795 Amendment Convention
Convention held in Augusta, temporary state
capital Amendment to constitution changed way
of electing governors - both houses of
legislature to elect governors - legislature
will always meet in January Louisville, in
Jefferson County, named new state capital
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Areas of Settlement Expanded
Georgia land claim from Atlantic Ocean to
Mississippi River In 1777, Georgia opens new
areas for settlement - eastern middle Georgia,
Piedmont land in northeast Property of
Loyalist settlers taken as punishment to help
pay war debt
Continued . . .
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The Headright Land Grant System

• Land distribution method called headright
• system
• - head of householdusually white malehas
• right to land
• - family entitled to 200 acres plus 50 for each
• family member, slave
• - 1,000-acre limit often raised war veterans
  get
• larger claim

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The Oconee War
U.S. government makes treaties with Native
Americans after war Lower Creek gives up land
east of Oconee River in 1783 treaty Upper
Creek, led by Chief Alexander McGillivray, does
not agree - kill Backcountry settlers, burn
homes, take livestock (17871789) - Georgians
respond burn villages, crops kill
residents Natives, whites differ on meaning
of owning land
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U.S. Government Agrees With Creek Claims
1790 Treaty of New York entitles Creeks to
lands west of Oconee River Many Georgians
outraged, ignore treaty fighting continues for
years Georgians begin to distrust national
government Frontier settlers build small,
protective forts will not move from land
Continued . . .
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Georgia Counties Grant Land
As Georgia grows, headright land grant system
not sufficient Counties start granting land
problems arise - some corrupt leaders sell bad
farmland or land that does not exist Yazoo
Land Fraud most widely known land fraud in
U.S.
Continued . . .
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Yazoo Land Fraud
Land companies bribe Georgia legislature to
secretly sell them western lands at ultra low
cost Companies buy most of the land, resell to
settlers at high price Dishonest legislators
and companies receive large profits Next
election, Georgians vote legislators out of
office Georgia voids all sales contracts burns
them in Louisville town square The Act
actually gave the land companies the ability to
but 35 million acres and pay less than .02 an
acre!
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New Boundaries for Georgia
Georgia gives land involved in Yazoo fraud to
U.S. in Compact of 1802 - U.S. pays 1,250,000
for western lands - gives clear title to Georgia
land (close to states current
boundaries) - promises to remove all Native
Americans - northern Georgia belongs to state,
not Cherokee
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Distribution of Creek and Cherokee Lands
Legislature passes Land Act in 1803, sets up
land lottery - lottery open to white adult
males, orphans, widows - citizens buy tickets
to win 202.5-acre, farm- sized plots of
land - also can win coastal land plots larger,
but lower quality Lottery used 7 times to
distribute Creek, Cherokee land (18051832)
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The Louisiana Purchase

• Jefferson offers 15 million to French in
  Louisiana
• Purchase U.S. doubles size
• Lewis and Clark expedition explores northern
• Louisiana Territory after Jefferson sends them
  to explore the
• ewly acquired territory.

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Riches in Georgia Attract More Settlers
Native Americans Pressured to Leave White
settlers continue to move to northern
Georgia State leaders want U.S. to remove
Native Americans (Compact of 1802) U.S.
offers free land in West to Native Americans
who leave Georgia Treaties with Creek from
18171819 add land to Georgia, push border
west Almost all Creek leave Georgia by 1827
Continued . . .
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Gold
Gold discovered in Georgia in 1828, gold rush
in 1829 Georgia claims remaining Cherokee
land in 1830 Town of Auraria, Latin for City
of Gold, is gold production center Auraria
becomes boomtown has major road, newspaper,
post office Nearby Dahlonega gets federal mint
in 1838

• Georgia Gold Rush

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Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson elected president in
1828 - from Tennessee, first president from west
of Appalachians - selects ordinary men for
government, represents common man Jackson
willing to move Native Americans off land
settlers want
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University of Georgia

• The University of Georgia was chartered as a land
  grant university in 1784 and is the oldest of its
  kind
• Opened in 1801 as Franklin College and was for
  all white males only.

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Religion in Georgia

• Georgia had many churches after the Revolutionary
  War Quakers, Baptist and Methodist.
• Methodist churches were pastored by Circuit
  Riders who rode from town to town to establish
  churches and then preach at them once complete.
• Early Black Baptist churches were also founded
  such as the Springfield Baptist Church (free
  blacks) and Savannahs First African Baptist
  Church.

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Culminating Activity

• Political Cartoons

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Culminating Activity (Political Cartoon)

• What is a political cartoon and what makes it
• interesting or funny?
• -A political cartoon takes well known events and
  makes fun of the situation through satire (a
  funny but politically serious comment )
• .

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Political Cartoons
How would you start to create a political
cartoon? List 4 or more things you know about
the character or event How could I apply these
things to satire (a funny but politically serious
comment) ? -Reverse the situation -Point out
the facts in a humourous manner -Use the picture
to emphasize the problem -Exaggerate the
problem
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Political Cartoon Example

• Well known political event
• Micheal Vick dogfighting episode-
• What we know
• -He is a professional athlete
• -He ran a dogfighting business that was
  illegal
• -He would drown, strangle, kill unwanted
  dogs
• -He supported a group of friends in the
  business with him
• -It ruined his professional football career

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Why is this funny given the information that we
know?
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Micheal Vick Political Cartoon
What other cartoons could have been used? Why
would they work? -Micheal Vick applying for a
job at the Humane Society - Micheal Vick
wanting to adopt a puppy from the Animal
Shelter -Micheal Vick being dropped from a
Falcon from high in the air -Dogs deciding
on whether or not to keep Micheal Vick and
his friends
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Indian and White Settler Land Conflict
(Political Cartoon)
What we know -The white settlers wanted the
land for their own -White settlers believed in
personal ownership -The white settlers believed
the Indians were savages and that they were
superior to them -The white settlers wanted the
Indians Gone -The white settlers saw the
Indians as something they could control.
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1- How do the words spoken by the fox come
across as humerous? 2-How does the
picture itself point out the problem?
Indians in Georgia
Settlers from Georgia
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Political Cartoon(White and Indian land conflict)
What other cartoons could have been used? Why
would they work? -Settler kicking Indian out of
the bed (wanting all the room for
himself) -Indians giving the white settlers a
plane ticket to anywhere else but
here -Settlers painting all of Georgia White
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A Flock of White Settlers
Treaty of New York
IndianLands
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Alternative Assignment

• Political Rap, Poem, or Song
• How would you start to create this composition?
• -List 4 or more things you know about the
  character or event
• -Use this information in the assignment
• -It must use all of these facts in your
  composition and tell the story completely.
• -Must be at least 150 words long

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Political Rap, Poem, or Song

• Events or Characters that you can use
• Founding Fathers
• Bill Of Rights or U.S. Constitution
• Abraham Baldwin and William Few
• Yazoo Land Fraud
• Trail of Tears
• Founding of University of Georgia
• Georgia Gold Rush
• Sequoia