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NetGod

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... Zebra TCP/IP Routing ... BGP IGP IGRP OSPF RIP ... Routing Information Protocol RIP ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: NetGod

1
?? ????????????
NetGuru by NetSmooth Corporation
PART I TCP/IP????????/?NetGuru??
??? Routing Protocol
2
Overview

Routing Protocol??
RIP-Routing Information Protocol
Routing??????
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
Zebra??
????-?? 6.1 ??Zebra??RIP
??????
??????
??????????????
??RIP?????

3
???

??PC????????? Router????
???????,???? Packet ????????????
? Routing ???????,?????? Routing Table
???,???????? Router ???,????
?????????????????,???????????

4
Routing Protocol??
5
Routing Protocol

?? Packet ?????????????????,????????????? Packet
?????? Router
Packet ??? Router ???????????(??Router
??????????)
???Packet ????????????????
????? Routing (Static Route)
?????Routing Protocol

6
?? Packet ????
7
Routing Protocol ? ?????????

??????????????????????
???? Router ????????,????????? Routing????????
Router
????? Router ? Route (Routing),???????
Routing??,????????? ,?????????(???? Routing Table
? Forwarding Table)
??????????
?????????? Routing Table ? Forwarding Table
?????(??????????????)
????? Routing (Route)
?????? Router ? Packet ??,?? Destination IP,??
Route???,??? Packet ?????

8
Routing Protocol

?? Routing Protocol ??????
???????????,??????????????,???????
??????????????????,???????
????? Router ????????Routing,??????????

9
Routing??????
10
Autonomous System - ????

??????,?????????Autonomous System
?????,???????? Routing

11
EGP ? IGP

EGPExterior Gateway Protocol,AS ??? Routing
IGPInterior Gateway Protocol,AS ?? Routing
??? EGPBGP
??? IGPIGRP?OSPF?RIP

12
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol

EGP - ? AS ????
? Routing?????AS??????????,???????????,??
Routing???
?? Routing ??? Routing ??????? Routing ??
BGP Peers - BGP ???
BGP ????? AS ?????
?? EBGP - External BGP ? Internal BGP

13
RIP-Routing Information Protocol
14
??

RIP (RFC1058)??????????
?RFC1388???????RIP-2,??RFC 1723?RFC
2453??????,????????RFC2453
RIP-2????????????,??RIP-2???? Routing??,??CIDR,???
? (multicast),????????

15
RIP - Routing Information Protocol

??????(Distance Vector)???,?????? Routing
??Router ?????(Hop)
UDP Base,?? Port 520,???? 15 Hops
??
?????
????????
??
?????????,??????????????
Hop ??????????

16
RIP ? ????

RIP????router???????,??????????
??????????????????,???
Path 2 hops???????,RIP??????

17
RIP ? ????
Router1?Router2 ?Router3 ????Network1???
18
??????
19
?????????
20
?????????????
21
?????????????
22
??????(??)???????
23
?????????
24
RIP??

request?????????????Routing Table
response???????????Routing Table,????Request
Packet ?????????? Packet
traceon???????command
traceoff???????command
reserved?Sun Microsystems????

25
RIPv1 Packet ??
0 7 15
31
command version ????
Address Family Identifier Address Family Identifier ????
IP?? IP?? IP??
???? ???? ????
???? ???? ????
metric metric metric
26
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
27
OSPF??

??
OSPFRFC 1131
OSPF v2RFC 1247 ? RFC 1583 ? RFC 2178 ?????????
1998 ? 4 ?RFC 2328
??
?????? authentication ,??????????????????authentic
ation
?dynamic routing protocol ,????????????????????,??
?????
??CIDR??
??
????????,?????RIP??

28
OSPF

??????(Link State)?? Packet ?????
??????
?? Routing Traffic,?????Shortest Path ??????
Shortest-Path Tree
?? Shortest Path ???
CostRouter????????????
??? Cost ?? Metric ???
Metric 100,000,000 bps / Bandwidth
???????? Metric ??,??????

29
OSPF ? Hello Packet

Router???Hello Packet,??????Router
Router 1??Hello Packet?Router 2?Router 3?Router 4
??Router 1??????Router 2?3?4???Hello Packet
?????????Hello Packet,?????Router Link State??
??????????? LSA(Link State Advertisement)??

30
OSPF ??
31
OSPF ??

??
?? Router ??? Discover ????? Router
????? LSA ??,??? LSA ??
???? LSA ??
???? Router,????

32
OSPF ???????
33
Linux Zebra
34
??

GNU Zebra ????TCP/IP??????Routing Protocol??????
Zebra???RFC1771????BGP-4(Border Gateway Protocol
4)?RIPv1?RIPv2 ??OSPFv2?Zebra??????????Routing
Protocol?????
Zebra ???? x86 ?????,????? Linux ???? Network
Processor

35
??

???Protocol?????process
???????
????????????
???????Protocol??????????

36
Zebra??

Linux Routing ????
???? Routing Protocol ???? process

Zebra???????,????????Daemon,???????
???Daemon,?Zebra
??Routing Protocol?Daemon,?BGPd?RIPd?OSPFd
Daemon??????????????,??????????

38
VTY (Visual Telnet tYpe Interface)

?????Routing Protocol ?Daemon??????Port??VTY ???
?? Cisco Router ??????????
??Command Line Interpreter (CLI)
???????????,??Telnet???Daemon???
VTY??
VTY View Mode?????
VTY Enable Mode???????
VTY Other Mode????(Configuration mode?Router
Mode)

39
Zebra????

??/usr/local/etc/???????
zebra.conf.sample?zebra.conf
RIPd.conf.sample?RIPd.conf
ospf.conf.sample?ospf.conf
bgp.conf.sample?bgp.conf
??zebra d(? Zebra????daemon)
????? Routing Protocol(RIPd?OSPFd?BGPd)
?? Routing Proctocol ?RIPd??ripd d ????daemon
??Zebra?VTY??
Zebra?????Port?2601(???P???????Port),???zebra(???
zebra.conf)
???Routing Protocol?RIPd port?2602 ospf?2603
bgpd?2604,???Port ? Server ?????Port ?? Routing
Protocol ???Port
??enable??enable mode

40
????

??Zebra
??VTY??view mode?,????????
????enable mode??? enable??enable mode,??
disable (?quit) ??enable mode??view mode?
??daemon??????????????

??configure mode
configure terminal
?Daemon????????configure mode??
????????IP?????????????multicast

42
????

?? 6.1 ??Zebra??RIP

43
?? 6.1 ??Zebra??RIP

????
??????
??????
??Zebra??RIP
??????????????
??RIP?????

44
?????

????Host A, Host B?Host C????router
?Network 1?Network 2??????,???

45
?????(????)
46
Step 1 ??????

????????????

47
???????????

Host A
ip route add 192.168.7.0/24 via 192.168.2.2
ip route add 192.168.6.0/24 via 192.168.2.2
Host B
ifconfig eth0 192.168.6.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip route add 192.168.7.0/24 via 192.168.6.3
ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.2
Host C
ifconfig eth0 192.168.6.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth2 192.168.7.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip route add 192.168.2.0 via 192.168.6.2
ip route add 192.168.0.0 via 192.168.6.2
?????
???????????
??Host A???ip route add 192.168.6.0/24 via
192.168.2.2?????
??Host C???ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via
192.168.6.2?????

48
Step 2 ??????

Host A
ping 192.168.7.3
traceroute 192.168.7.3

49
???????

????????

50
Step 3 ??????????

??????????????
Host A
ip route del 192.168.7.0/24 via 192.168.2.2
ip route del 192.168.6.0/24 via 192.168.2.2
Host B
ip route del 192.168.7.0/24 via 192.168.6.3
ip route del 192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.2
Host C
ip route del 192.168.2.0 via 192.168.6.2
ip route del 192.168.0.0 via 192.168.6.2
?????
?????????????

51
Step 4 ??????

??Host A
HostA /usr/local/sbin/zebra -d
HostA /usr/local/sbin/ripd -d
HostA telnet 127.0.0.1 2602
Password zebra
ripdgt enable
ripd configure terminal
ripd(config) router rip
ripd(config-router) redistribute connected
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.0.0/24
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.1.0/24
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.2.0/24
ripd(config-router) end

??Host B
HostB /usr/local/sbin/zebra -d
HostB /usr/local/sbin/ripd -d
HostB telnet 127.0.0.1 2602
Password zebra
ripdgt enable
ripd configure terminal
ripd(config) router rip
ripd(config-router) redistribute connected
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.6.0/24
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.2.0/24
ripd(config-router) end

??Host C
HostC /usr/local/sbin/zebra -d
HostC /usr/local/sbin/ripd -d
HostC telnet 127.0.0.1 2602
Password zebra
ripdgt enable
ripd configure terminal
ripd(config) router rip
ripd(config-router) redistribute connected
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.6.0/24
ripd(config-router) network 192.168.1.0/24
ripd(config-router) end

54
Step 5 ??rip??

Host A
??Ethereal,interface?eth2,??????rip??
?192.168.2.1???RIP request packet

192.168.2.2??192.168.2.1???

Host A
??Ethereal,interface?eth1,??????rip??
?192.168.1.3???RIP response packet
?????
Host A?192.168.7.0/24????RIP????????,??metric??1?
?2????Host A???192.168.7.0/24????????

57
Step 5 ???rip????routing table