Title: IP? ??? ????.
1??? ????
2??? ??
- IP? ??? ????.
- ???? IP ?? ??? ????.
- ????? IP ?? ??? ????..
35.1 IP? ??
- IP? ??
- ?? ????? ??
- ???? ???? ??
- - ????? ?? -
4?? ??? ??
- ???? (circuit switching)
- ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
- ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?) ??(telephone)
- ?? ?? (packet switching)
- ????? ??
- ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???
- ?) ???(Internet)
- ?? ????? ??, ???? ??,
- ????? ?? (datagram approach)
- ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??
- ????? ??? ???? ? ??? ??
- ?????? (virtual circuit approach)
- ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? (?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??)
- ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??
- ?(call) ?? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ??
5?? ?? ???? ??
- ???(connection-oriented service)
- ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??
- ???? ???? ??
- ????(connectionless service)
- ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??
- ????? ???? ??
65.2 IP ??
- ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???
?????? ??? ?? - ?? IP (public IP) ??
- ?? ??? InterNIC?? ???? ??? Internet?? ??? ??
- ?? IP (private IP) ??
- Internet? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????(???)??? ??? ?????
TCP/IP? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? - ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?
- IP ??? ??
- IPv4(IP version 4) ??? ?? 4 bytes ??
- ??) IPv6(IP version 6)??? ?? 16 bytes ??
75.2.1 IP ?? ??
- IPv4??? IP ?? ???
- 2? ??? (Binary notation)
- ?-10? ??? (Dotted-decimal notation)
- ? 5.1) 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 ?
129.11.11.239 - 11111001 10011011 11111011 00001111 ?
249.155.251.15 - ? 5.2) 111.56.45.78 ? 01101111 00111000 00101101
01001110 - 75. 45.34.78 ? 01001011 00101101
00100010 01001110
8???? ?? ?? (classful addressing)
- ??? IP ????? ???? ?????? 1990?? ?? ???? ?????
??? ??? - ???? IP ??? ???? ??(netid)? ??? ??(hostid)? ????
?? - Network router? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? broadcast
domain? ??? - Host ??? PC? ??
- IP ?? ??? ??
- ??? Network? ?? host?? IP ???? network part? ????
netid? ??? ??, host part? ???? hostid? ?? ??? ? - ?) ??? Network? ??? IP ??? 203.240.100.1
203.240.100.255 ? ? - netid 203.240.100
- hostid 1 255
9IP ??? ???
- ??? IP ???? netid? hostid? ??? ?? ? Class? ??
- IP ??? Class
- A, B, C, D, E? 5? class? ??
- A, B, C Unicast ?, D Multicast ?, E - ???
10??? A
- 32 bit ? ? ? bit? ?? 0?? ???? ??
- 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
- ?? ?? 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 ?
0.0.0.0 - ?? ?? 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 ?
127.255.255.255 - Network Part ?? 8 bit (1 byte)
- Host Part ??? 24 bit (3 byte)
- Class A network 1.0.0.0 126.0.0.0
- 0.0.0.0(default route ?? DHCP server? ??? ? this
host? ???? source address? ????? ?)?
127.0.0.0(loopback address)? ????. - Network address? host part ? ?? 0?? ?
- ??? Class A? network? ?? ? ?? host? ? 224 2
16,777,214 ? - 2? ?? ?? Host part? ?? bit? 0? ?? network ?????
????, host part? ?? bit? 1? ?? broadcast address
??? ??? - ? 13.0.0.0? Class A ??? ??? ?? ????? IP ??
13.0.0.1 13.255.255.254
11??? B
- 32 bit ? ? ? bit? ?? 10?? ???? ??
- 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
- ?? ?? 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
?128.0.0.0 - ?? ?? 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 ?
191.255.255.255 - Network Part ?? 16 bit (2 byte)
- Host Part ??? 16 bit (2 byte)
- Class B network 128.1.0.0 191.254.0.0
- ????? 128.0.0.0 191.255.0.0 ?? 128.1.0.0
191.255.0.0?? ??? - ??? Class B network? ?? ? ?? host? ? 216 2
65,534 ? - 2? ?? ?? Host part? ?? bit? 0? ?? network ?????
????, host part? ?? bit? 1? ?? broadcast address
??? ???
12??? C
- 32 bit ? ? ? bit? ?? 110?? ???? ??
- 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
- ?? ?? 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
?192.0.0.0 - ?? ?? 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111 ?
223.255.255.255 - Network Part ?? 24 bit (3 byte)
- Host Part ??? 8 bit (1 byte)
- Class C network 192.0.1.0 223.255.254.0
- ????? 192.0.0.0 223.255.0.0 ?? 192.0.1.0
223.255.255.0?? ??? - ??? Class C network? ?? ? ?? host? ? 28 2
254 ? - 2? ?? ?? Host part? ?? bit? 0? ?? network ?????
????, host part? ?? bit? 1? ?? broadcast address
??? ???
130.0.0.0 127.255.255.255
128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
14IP ????? ??? ??
- ? 5.3
- 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 ? ??? A
- 11110011 10011011 11111011 00001111 ? ??? E
- 227.12.14.87 ? ??? D
- 134.11.78.56 ? ??? B
15??? IP ??? (1)
- Network address
- hostid? ?? ??? 0 ?? (netid, 0)? ??
- ?) 163.152.0.0 ? ??? B ???? ??
- Directed broadcast address
- hostid? ?? ??? 1? ??
- ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????
- ?) 163.152.255.255? 163.152.0.0? ?? ?? ????
?????? - Limited broadcast address
- netid? hostid? ?? ??? 1? ??
- ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???
- ?) 255.255.255.255? ??? ????(LAN)? ?? ????
??????, ?? ??? ??? FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF? ?? - Loop back address
- 127.X.X.X? ???? 127.0.0.1 ? ?? ??
- ????? ???? ???? ???? TCP/IP? ??? ???? ????? ?????
?? ??
16??? IP ??? (2)
- ?? IP
- ???? ???? ????? TCP/IP? ??? ?? ??
- ??? A? ?? IP 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
- ??? B? ?? IP 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
- ??? C? ?? IP 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
- Zeroconf address
- DHCP ??? ???? ??? ???? ?(IP ??? ??? ? ?) ??? ????
?? - 169.254.0.0 169.254.255.255
17IP ?? ? ?
- ?3.4) IP ??? 203.240.100.1? host? ??
- IP ??? Class C
- IP ??? network part (netid) 203.240.100
- IP ??? host part (hostid) 1
- ? host? network? ?? 203.240.100.0
- ? host? ?? network?? host?? ?? ? ?? IP ??? ??
203.240.100.1 203.240.100.254 - ? host? ?? network? broadcast address
203.240.100.255 - ? 3.5) IP ??? 150.150.100.1? host? ??
- IP ??? Class B
- IP ??? network part (netid) 150.150
- IP ??? host part (hostid) 100.1
- ? host? network? ?? 150.150.0.0
- ? host? ?? network?? host?? ?? ? ?? IP ??? ??
150.150.0.1 150.150.255.254 - ? host? ?? network? broadcast address
150.150.255.255
18IP ?? ??? ?
- ? ???? ?? class? IP? ???? ?? ????
- Class C
- ???? IP ??? 203.240.100.0? ? ? ????? ??? ?? ???
- ??
- ??? ???? IP ??? 210.11.2.1? ? ??? ??? ??? ???
- 210.11.2.2 210.11.2.254 ? ??
- ?? PC IP address? default gateway??
- IP address 203.240.100.2 203.240.100.254 ? ??
(?, 203.240.100.10? ??) - default gateway 203.240.100.1
Classful Addressing ? ????? ??
?
? 203.240.100.1
? 203.240.100.10
?
?
?
?? 90?, 3? ??? 200?? ??? ??
195.2.2 Subnet Mask
- Subnet Mask
- Subnetwork(??? subnet)? ??? ?? mask
- Subnet? ???? ?? ?
- Network 141.14.0.0? host ? 65534? ? ?? ??.
- Broadcast domain? ?? ??.
- ?? ????? ??? ??? ??.
20Subnet Mask? ???? ??
- Subnet? ??? ??
- ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??
- Broadcast domain ??
- Subnet ?? router? ??
- Subnetting? ??? ? ???? Site
- subnetid IP ???? ???? ???? ??
Subnet? ???? ?? - IP ??? 256? ? ??? subnet ??? ?
subnetid0
subnetid64
subnetid192
subnetid128
21Subnet Mask? ???? ??
Subnet? ???? ?? - IP ??? 256? ? ??? subnet ??? ?
- Subnet? ??? ??
- ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??
- Broadcast domain ??
- Subnet ?? router? ??
22??? ???
- Class ? default mask (default subnet mask??? ?)
- ?? IP ????? ???? ??? ???? ???
- (IP ??) bit AND (Default Mask) Network Address
- ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???(/) ? 1? ??? ???
??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??
A 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0 /8
B 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 /16
C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0 /24
23??? ???? ???? ?? ??
- ? 210.100.100.1? IP ??? ?? host? ?? network?
???? - Class C??? default mask 255.255.255.0
- ? 150.150.100.1? IP ??? ?? host? ?? network?
???? - Class B??? default mask 255.255.0.0
24??? ??? (Subnet Mask) (1)
- ??? ???
- ???? ??(?????)? ???? ?? ???
??? ?? ?????
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
??? ? ? ????
???? ????? ??? ??
25Subnet? ??
- Subnet mask
- Subnet address? ???? ?? mask ? subnetid?? ?? 1
- ???? ? ? ??? hostid?? subnetid? ? ??? ? ???? ??
???? ???? ???? ???? ??? - ?) ??? B ?????? subnetid? 3??, hostid? 13??? ????
?
255.255.0.0
255.255.224.0
26??? ?? ??? ? ??
- ?? ????? ?????? ?
- ????? ??? ? 2subnetid ?? ?- 2
- Subnetid? ?? ??? 0? ?(zero subnet)? 1? ?? ?? ????
?? - ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? 2hostid ?? ?- 2
- Hostid? ?? ??? 0? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??? 1? ??
?????? ?????? ?? ?? - ? ??? B ?????? subnetid? 3??, hostid? 13??? ????
? - ????? ???? ?? 23- 2 6
- ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? 213- 2 8190
27??? ?? ??? ? ??
- ?? ????? ?????? ?
- ????? ??? ? 2subnetid ?? ?- 2
- Subnetid? ?? ??? 0? ?(zero subnet)? 1? ?? ?? ????
?? - ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? 2hostid ?? ?- 2
- Hostid? ?? ??? 0? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??? 1? ??
?????? ?????? ?? ?? - ? ??? B ?????? subnetid? 3??, hostid? 13??? ????
? - ????? ???? ?? 23- 2 6
- ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? 213- 2 8190
28??? ?? ??? ?
- ?? 5.6
- IP 201.222.10.60, Subnet mask 255.255.255.248
- (?? ??) 255 (?? ??) ? ????, submask?? 255?
?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? - 60 00111100
- 248 11111000
- 00111000 ? 56
- Subnet address 201.222.10.56
Subnet mask ?? ??? 10000000 128 11000000
192 11100000 224 11110000 240 11111000
248 11111100 252 11111110 254 11111111
255 ? ???? ?????!!!
29??? ?? (1)
- ?? 5.7) 210.100.1.0 ? ????? ??? ??. ? ????? ??? ?
??? ?? ?? 30?, ??? ?? 4??? ??? ????? ??. ??? ???
???? ??? ???? ???? - 210.100.1.0 ? Class C
- Class C ??? ??? 255.255.255.0 ? subnetid?
hostid? ? ? ?? ??? 8 - ????? ??? ??? 30??? ???? ??? hostid? 5?? (25-2
30)??? ??. - ??? 8-53??? subnetid? ??? ? ?? (??? ?? 23-26???
????) - ??? ??? 255.255.255.(11100000)
255.255.255.224
30??? ?? (2)
- ?? 5.8) ??? B ??? ??? ?????? 255.255.255.240??
???? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? - ??? B ??? ??? 255.255.0.0 255.255.(00000000).(
00000000) - ??? subnet mask 255.255.255.240
255.255.(11111111).(11110000) - subnetid ?? ? 12
- ??? ? 212 2 4096-2 4094
- hostid ?? ? 4
- ??? ? 24 2 16 2 14
31??? ?? (3)
- ?? 5.9) ???? ??? 201.34.12.64? ?? ?? ??? ????
255.255.255.192??. - (a) ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????
- ???? ?? 201.34.12.64 ? Class C
- Class C ??? ??? 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.(00000000) - ??? ?????? 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.(1100000
0) - subnetid ??? 2
- hostid ?? ? 6
- ??? ? 64(26) 2 62 ? (hostid? ?? ??? 0? ?? 1?
?? ??)
32??? ?? (4)
- ?? 5.9) ???? ??? 201.34.12.64? ?? ?? ??? ????
255.255.255.192??. - (b) ? ??????? ?????? ????
- ??? ?????? 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.(1100000
0) - ??? ???? ?? 201.34.12.64 201. 34.
12.(01000000) - hostid? ?? ??? 1 ? ??? ?????? ??
- ?????? ?? 201. 34. 12.(01111111)
201.34.12.127
33??? ?? (5)
- ?? 5.9) ???? ??? 201.34.12.64? ?? ?? ??? ????
255.255.255.192??. - (c) ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????
- ???? ?? 201. 34. 12.(01000000)
202.34.12.64 - ?? ?? ??? ?? 201. 34. 12.(01000001)
201.34.12.65 - ?? ?? ??? ?? 201. 34. 12.(01111110)
201.34.12.126 - ?????? ?? 201. 34. 12.(01111111)
201.34.12.127 - ??? ?? ?? 201.34.12.65 201.34.12.126
345.2.3 ??? ?? (Supernetting)
- ??? A? B??? ???? ??? C??? ???? ??
- ??? C?? ?? 256? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ????
- ??? ??
- ??? C?? ??(block)? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???
C??? ? ???? ????? ?? - ? 1000?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
- 4?? ??? C?? ?? ? 211.214.132.0 211.214.135.0
- 211.214.132.0 11010011 11010110 10000100
00000000 - 211.214.133.0 11010011 11010110 10000101
00000000 - 211.214.134.0 11010011 11010110 10000110
00000000 - 211.214.135.0 11010011 11010110 10000111
00000000 - ??? ??? 11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000
?255.255.252.0 - (211.214.132.0211.214.135.255) bit AND
(255.255.252.0) 211.214.132. 0 ? ? ???? ???? - ??? 211.214.132.0/22
355.2.4 ????? ????
- ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??
- ?????????(Internet Service Provider, ISP)?? ???
??? B, C ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? - ???? ?? ??? ?? 2, 4, 8, 16 ? 2? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??
???? ??? ??? - 1996? ????? ????(classless addressing) ??
- ?? ?? ??
- ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??(232)?? ??? ????
- ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??? 2? ?? , ????? 32?? ??? ???? ?
???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ? - ?) ?? ??? 211.214.133.0 211.214.137.0 ?? ????
???. ???? 211224214216133280 ? 210?? ?????
?? ????. - ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??
- ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???
- ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??
- Router??? ???? CIDR(Classless InterDomain
Routing) ??