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Critical Infrastructure Protection In the Transportation Network

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Critical Infrastructure Protection In the Transportation Network A Mathematical Model and Methodology for Determining and Analyzing The k-Critical Links of a Highway ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Critical Infrastructure Protection In the Transportation Network


1
Critical Infrastructure Protection In the
Transportation Network
  • A Mathematical Model and Methodology for
    Determining and Analyzing The k-Critical Links
    of a Highway Network

2
Objective
  • The objective of this dissertation is to develop
    a methodology, using a SE approach, and apply the
    methodology to a mathematical model, using
    performance metrics such as travel time and flow,
    to simulate the impacts k-Links disconnects have
    on highway networks of major metropolitan cities
    for risk mitigation and resource allocation

3
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Problem Definition and Need Identification
  • Feasibility Study
  • Operational Requirements
  • Maintenance Support Concept
  • Technical Performance Measures
  • Functional Analysis and Allocation

4
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Trade-Off Analyses
  • System Specification

5
Problem Definition and Need Analysis
  • Defining the System System of Systems

6
Example of Model
Problem Definition and Need Analysis
7
Feasibility Study
  • What tools are available to perform analysis?
  • What methods have been developed in this area?

8
Operational Requirements
Prime Definition Of Mission
Operating Environment
Performance Parameters
Requirements
Operational Deployment
Effectiveness Factors
Operational Life Cycle
Utilization Requirements
9
Maintenance Concept
  • Levels of Maintenance
  • Repair Policies
  • Organizational Responsibilities
  • Maintenance Support Elements
  • Effectiveness Requirements
  • Environment

10
Technical Performance Parameters
Efficiency Of Model
Accuracy Of Model
Simulation
11
Functional Analysis
  • Transportation CI SoS
  • INPUT
  • Disconnects
  • Hrs of Op.
  • PROCESS
  • Mathematical
  • model
  • OUTPUT
  • Performance

Components
Perf. of Defined Links
Efficiently Finding K Links
Movement of Goods
Relationships
  • Flow
  • Distance
  • Links
  • Nodes
  • Efficiency
  • of model
  • Disconnects
  • Hours of
  • operation

Attributes
12
Functional Analysis
System Solution
System Requirements
Functional Analysis
V
Validate Verify
System Objective
Simulation Processing Time
City Boundary
Simulation Processing Time
Section of City
Small Network
Enumeration
Actual Model
13
Network
Trade-Off Analysis
L1
L2
L3
  • Output
  • Performance
  • Travel Time/Throughput

Input Single Disconnect 1/0
I35W
I35E
Hwy 75
I30
L4
I20
I1
I20
L5
L9
I1
I35W
I35E
I45
  • Variables
  • Temporal
  • Time of Day I 1, 2, 3 (peak, norm, other)
  • Links l (i,j), (i1), (j1),, (in, jn)

L8
L7
L6
14
Trade-Off Analysis Link (a,b)
Time, Flow
15
Trade-Off Analysis Link (a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
16
Trade-Off Analysis All Links
17
Trade-Off Analysis
18
Example of Model Performance for a General Metric
Trade-Off Analysis
OUTPUTS
, ,
Sum of Performance
19
Example of Model
Trade-Off Analysis
OUTPUTS
Worst
k Links 2,11, , 1,12 affecting the
Transportation CI the most
Performance
Best
Links
0 is threshold
20
Validation and Verification
System Specification
  • SE Approach
  • Integrations Process
  • Verify and Validate Requirements
  • Model
  • Small Network
  • Enumeration
  • Efficiency of Model

V
21
Research Significance
  • Contribution This dissertation provides
    officials a decision-making methodology and tool
    for resource allocation and risk mitigation
  • Metrics that measure the performance of the
    network given disconnects occurring
  • Ranking of k Links affecting the network the most

22
Research Significance
  • Decision Making Methodology and Tool

23
Conclusion
  • Transportation CI is important
  • To individuals way of life
  • To companies way of doing business
  • Proposed a Methodology using a Mathematical Model
    to Determine Impact of k Links Disconnects have
    on the Defined Links of a Network for risk
    mitigation and resource allocation

24
Conclusion
  • Research Significance
  • Society A Methodology and Tool for Officials to
    use in the Decision Making Process
  • Engineering
  • Systems Engineering Approach for Solving Complex
    Systems
  • Efficient and Accurate Network Modeling for Large
    and Complex Systems

25
Terms and Definitions
  • Critical Infrastructure (CI)
  • System
  • Transportation CI
  • System of Systems (SoS)
  • Major Cities
  • City Boundary
  • Network

26
Terms and Definitions
  • Movement of Goods
  • Trucks
  • Peak Traffic
  • Normal Traffic
  • Other Traffic
  • Days of Operation

27
Terms and Definitions
  • Node
  • Arc ? Link
  • Disconnect
  • Shortest Path
  • Steady State
  • Snapshot of System
  • Highway
  • Defined Links
  • Worst Link
  • Best Link

28
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Need Analysis
  • Stakeholders
  • City
  • State and Federal
  • Business
  • Society

29
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Requirements
  • Mission Definition
  • Performance and Physical Parameters
  • Use Requirements

30
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Ground Rules and Assumptions
  • Highway
  • Major Cities
  • Steady State
  • Disconnect
  • Shortest Path
  • Snapshot of System

31
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Metrics
  • Performance of Network
  • Travel Time
  • Throughput

32
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Model
  • Most naive process
  • Disconnect Link (Ai,j) subject to Time (tn)
  • Simulate Network Performance
  • Connect Link (Ai,j)
  • Repeat until all links tested

33
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Model (Continued)
  • Objective
  • Performance of Network based on Defined Links
  • Constraints
  • Mathematical model of how the system responds to
    changes in variables
  • Variables
  • Time of Day
  • Disconnected Links

34
Brief Literature Review
  • SE
  • Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International
    Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004
  • Tahan et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
  • Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
  • Blanchard et al, Stems Engineering and
    Analysis, 1990
  • INCOSE, Systems Engineering Handbook, 2004
  • Hazelrigg, Sys. Eng. An Approach to
    Information-Based Design 1996
  • Miller et al, Systems Engineering Management,
    2002
  • Stock et al, Strategic Logistics Management,
    1993
  • Ibarra et al, Conference for Systems Engineering,
    2005
  • Blanchard, Logistics Engineering and
    Management, 2004
  • US Department of Homeland Security, Budget in
    Brief, Fiscal Year 2005

35
Brief Literature Review
  • Modeling
  • Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International
    Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004
  • Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
  • Sathe et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005
  • Jain et al, Transportation Science, 1997
  • Arroyo et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005
  • Rardin, Optimizations in Operations Research,
    1998
  • Rinaldi et al, IEEE Control System Magazine, 2001
  • Murray-Tuite, Dissertation, 2003
  • Yan et al, IEEE/ACM, 2000
  • Orda et al, IEEE/AMC, 2003

36
Questions
  • What is cost of truck if delayed by 15 minutes
  • Airplanes at 1,000 per minute 2002 (Vacante)
  • Show how it has practical implication
  • Convert time to cost
  • Tell city fathers what they need to fix and where
    do you beef up security and resources
  • If you cannot go straight, then which way?
  • Time to fix link?
  • Minimize time to fix
  • Suggestions to repair

37
Questions
  • Minimize risk
  • Which rout to take
  • Link Reliability of the system given a
    terrorist attack
  • How much more time is it going to take to get to
    destination
  • Minimize the time, increase throughput
  • Value of dissertation
  • This will tell you how to get around accidents in
    time and efficient manner
  • Create fluid
  • Create situation where they do not get stuck in
    other jams
  • Probability of accident increases on new route

38
Questions
  • Focus on mitigation
  • How to mitigate time loss and improve throughput
  • Alternate routes for final destination is least
    amount of time

39
Outline
  • Terms and Definitions
  • Objective
  • Brief Literature Review
  • Research Significance
  • The Systems Engineering (SE) Process

40
Outline
  • Network
  • Ideas for Improving Algorithmic Model
    Efficiencies
  • Validation and Verification
  • Conclusion

41
Non-Eventful Days Construction established and
on-going Mon Fri
42
Example of Model
Time
Number of Vehicles traveling from Origin to
Destination during Off-Peak Period
43
Example of Model Routing Assignment
44
Example of Model Effects of Disconnect on Link
(a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
Time, Flow
45
Research Significance
  • Algorithm for finding efficiently the K Links
    with the greatest impact on the network

Accuracy Vs. Time
Accuracy
Minutes
46
The Systems Engineering Process
  • Metrics
  • Performance of Network
  • Travel Time
  • Throughput
  • Solution Processing Time of Model (as a
    function of OD table and network topology)

Model / Algorithm
(OD)
Time
Links
Accuracy
47
Ideas for Improving Algorithmic Model Efficiencies
  • Restricting the Search Space
  • Find least reliable links
  • Find largest/lightest flow
  • Approximation Methods
  • Quickly find Good solution

48
Objective
  • Two Objective Steps
  • 1. Systems Engineering Approach
  • 2. K Links with Highest Affect on Network

49
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50
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51
Example of Model Effects of Disconnect on Link
(a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
52
Trade-Off Analysis
  • Geographical Interdependencies
  • Rail lines
  • Power plants
  • Reliability of link
  • Pipe lines
  • Population
  • Water
  • Bridge
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