Title: Critical Infrastructure Protection In the Transportation Network
1Critical Infrastructure Protection In the
Transportation Network
- A Mathematical Model and Methodology for
Determining and Analyzing The k-Critical Links
of a Highway Network
2Objective
- The objective of this dissertation is to develop
a methodology, using a SE approach, and apply the
methodology to a mathematical model, using
performance metrics such as travel time and flow,
to simulate the impacts k-Links disconnects have
on highway networks of major metropolitan cities
for risk mitigation and resource allocation
3The Systems Engineering Process
- Problem Definition and Need Identification
- Feasibility Study
- Operational Requirements
- Maintenance Support Concept
- Technical Performance Measures
- Functional Analysis and Allocation
4The Systems Engineering Process
- Trade-Off Analyses
- System Specification
5Problem Definition and Need Analysis
- Defining the System System of Systems
6Example of Model
Problem Definition and Need Analysis
7Feasibility Study
- What tools are available to perform analysis?
- What methods have been developed in this area?
8Operational Requirements
Prime Definition Of Mission
Operating Environment
Performance Parameters
Requirements
Operational Deployment
Effectiveness Factors
Operational Life Cycle
Utilization Requirements
9Maintenance Concept
- Levels of Maintenance
- Repair Policies
- Organizational Responsibilities
- Maintenance Support Elements
- Effectiveness Requirements
- Environment
10Technical Performance Parameters
Efficiency Of Model
Accuracy Of Model
Simulation
11Functional Analysis
- INPUT
- Disconnects
- Hrs of Op.
- PROCESS
- Mathematical
- model
Components
Perf. of Defined Links
Efficiently Finding K Links
Movement of Goods
Relationships
- Links
- Nodes
- Efficiency
- of model
- Disconnects
- Hours of
- operation
Attributes
12Functional Analysis
System Solution
System Requirements
Functional Analysis
V
Validate Verify
System Objective
Simulation Processing Time
City Boundary
Simulation Processing Time
Section of City
Small Network
Enumeration
Actual Model
13Network
Trade-Off Analysis
L1
L2
L3
- Output
- Performance
- Travel Time/Throughput
Input Single Disconnect 1/0
I35W
I35E
Hwy 75
I30
L4
I20
I1
I20
L5
L9
I1
I35W
I35E
I45
- Variables
- Temporal
- Time of Day I 1, 2, 3 (peak, norm, other)
- Links l (i,j), (i1), (j1),, (in, jn)
L8
L7
L6
14Trade-Off Analysis Link (a,b)
Time, Flow
15Trade-Off Analysis Link (a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
16Trade-Off Analysis All Links
17Trade-Off Analysis
18Example of Model Performance for a General Metric
Trade-Off Analysis
OUTPUTS
, ,
Sum of Performance
19Example of Model
Trade-Off Analysis
OUTPUTS
Worst
k Links 2,11, , 1,12 affecting the
Transportation CI the most
Performance
Best
Links
0 is threshold
20Validation and Verification
System Specification
- SE Approach
- Integrations Process
- Verify and Validate Requirements
- Model
- Small Network
- Enumeration
- Efficiency of Model
V
21Research Significance
- Contribution This dissertation provides
officials a decision-making methodology and tool
for resource allocation and risk mitigation - Metrics that measure the performance of the
network given disconnects occurring - Ranking of k Links affecting the network the most
22Research Significance
- Decision Making Methodology and Tool
23Conclusion
- Transportation CI is important
- To individuals way of life
- To companies way of doing business
- Proposed a Methodology using a Mathematical Model
to Determine Impact of k Links Disconnects have
on the Defined Links of a Network for risk
mitigation and resource allocation
24Conclusion
- Research Significance
- Society A Methodology and Tool for Officials to
use in the Decision Making Process - Engineering
- Systems Engineering Approach for Solving Complex
Systems - Efficient and Accurate Network Modeling for Large
and Complex Systems
25Terms and Definitions
- Critical Infrastructure (CI)
- System
- Transportation CI
- System of Systems (SoS)
- Major Cities
- City Boundary
- Network
26Terms and Definitions
- Movement of Goods
- Trucks
- Peak Traffic
- Normal Traffic
- Other Traffic
- Days of Operation
27Terms and Definitions
- Node
- Arc ? Link
- Disconnect
- Shortest Path
- Steady State
- Snapshot of System
- Highway
- Defined Links
- Worst Link
- Best Link
28The Systems Engineering Process
- Need Analysis
- Stakeholders
- City
- State and Federal
- Business
- Society
29The Systems Engineering Process
- Requirements
- Mission Definition
- Performance and Physical Parameters
- Use Requirements
30The Systems Engineering Process
- Ground Rules and Assumptions
- Highway
- Major Cities
- Steady State
- Disconnect
- Shortest Path
- Snapshot of System
31The Systems Engineering Process
- Metrics
- Performance of Network
- Travel Time
- Throughput
32The Systems Engineering Process
- Model
- Most naive process
- Disconnect Link (Ai,j) subject to Time (tn)
- Simulate Network Performance
- Connect Link (Ai,j)
- Repeat until all links tested
33The Systems Engineering Process
- Model (Continued)
- Objective
- Performance of Network based on Defined Links
- Constraints
- Mathematical model of how the system responds to
changes in variables - Variables
- Time of Day
- Disconnected Links
34Brief Literature Review
- SE
- Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International
Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004 - Tahan et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
- Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
- Blanchard et al, Stems Engineering and
Analysis, 1990 - INCOSE, Systems Engineering Handbook, 2004
- Hazelrigg, Sys. Eng. An Approach to
Information-Based Design 1996 - Miller et al, Systems Engineering Management,
2002 - Stock et al, Strategic Logistics Management,
1993 - Ibarra et al, Conference for Systems Engineering,
2005 - Blanchard, Logistics Engineering and
Management, 2004 - US Department of Homeland Security, Budget in
Brief, Fiscal Year 2005
35Brief Literature Review
- Modeling
- Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International
Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004 - Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005
- Sathe et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005
- Jain et al, Transportation Science, 1997
- Arroyo et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005
- Rardin, Optimizations in Operations Research,
1998 - Rinaldi et al, IEEE Control System Magazine, 2001
- Murray-Tuite, Dissertation, 2003
- Yan et al, IEEE/ACM, 2000
- Orda et al, IEEE/AMC, 2003
36Questions
- What is cost of truck if delayed by 15 minutes
- Airplanes at 1,000 per minute 2002 (Vacante)
- Show how it has practical implication
- Convert time to cost
- Tell city fathers what they need to fix and where
do you beef up security and resources - If you cannot go straight, then which way?
- Time to fix link?
- Minimize time to fix
- Suggestions to repair
37Questions
- Minimize risk
- Which rout to take
- Link Reliability of the system given a
terrorist attack - How much more time is it going to take to get to
destination - Minimize the time, increase throughput
- Value of dissertation
- This will tell you how to get around accidents in
time and efficient manner - Create fluid
- Create situation where they do not get stuck in
other jams - Probability of accident increases on new route
38Questions
- Focus on mitigation
- How to mitigate time loss and improve throughput
- Alternate routes for final destination is least
amount of time
39Outline
- Terms and Definitions
- Objective
- Brief Literature Review
- Research Significance
- The Systems Engineering (SE) Process
40Outline
- Network
- Ideas for Improving Algorithmic Model
Efficiencies - Validation and Verification
- Conclusion
41Non-Eventful Days Construction established and
on-going Mon Fri
42Example of Model
Time
Number of Vehicles traveling from Origin to
Destination during Off-Peak Period
43Example of Model Routing Assignment
44Example of Model Effects of Disconnect on Link
(a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
Time, Flow
45Research Significance
- Algorithm for finding efficiently the K Links
with the greatest impact on the network
Accuracy Vs. Time
Accuracy
Minutes
46The Systems Engineering Process
- Metrics
- Performance of Network
- Travel Time
- Throughput
- Solution Processing Time of Model (as a
function of OD table and network topology)
Model / Algorithm
(OD)
Time
Links
Accuracy
47Ideas for Improving Algorithmic Model Efficiencies
- Restricting the Search Space
- Find least reliable links
- Find largest/lightest flow
- Approximation Methods
- Quickly find Good solution
48Objective
- Two Objective Steps
- 1. Systems Engineering Approach
- 2. K Links with Highest Affect on Network
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51Example of Model Effects of Disconnect on Link
(a,b)
D Avg. T 2.5 Min/Veh
52Trade-Off Analysis
- Geographical Interdependencies
- Rail lines
- Power plants
- Reliability of link
- Pipe lines
- Population
- Water
- Bridge