Obesity Epidemic In Adolescence, Young Adults, and Adults

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Obesity EpidemicIn Adolescence, Young Adults,
and Adults

• Battle of the Bulge

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Obesity vs. Overweight

• Obesity-excessively high amount of body fat or
  adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass BMI
  of 30kg or higher
• Overweight- body weight in relation to height
  that is greater than some accepted standard but
  less than that defined as obesity BMI of
  25kg-30kg
• (Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 9th
  edition, Frances Sizer and Eleanor Whitney )

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Did you know that

• The US Surgeon General has identified obesity as
  one of the greatest health problems facing our
  nation today
• In the United States, the Centers for Disease
  Control (CDC) estimates that 300,000 Americans
  die each year from obesity-related illnesses.

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Obesity in Florida

• 60 of Florida adults are overweight or obese.
  (CDC BRFSS, 2004)
• 26 of Florida high-school students are
  overweight or at risk of becoming overweight.
  (CDC YRBSS, 2003)
• 21 of non-Hispanic white adults, 33 of
  non-Hispanic black adults, and 26 of Hispanic
  adults in Florida are obese. (CDC BRFSS, 2004)
• 28 of low-income children between 2 and 5 years
  of age in Florida are overweight or at risk of
  becoming overweight. (CDC PedNSS, 2003)

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Trends in Adolescents and Young Adults
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Child Adolescent Race Trends

Children (Ages 6 to 11)Prevalence () Children (Ages 6 to 11)Prevalence () Adolescents (Ages 12 to 19)Prevalence () Adolescents (Ages 12 to 19)Prevalence ()
Race Overweight Obesity Overweight Obesity
Black 35.9 19.5 40.4 23.6
Mexican 39.3 23.7 43.8 23.4
White 26.2 11.8 26.5 12.7
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Trends in Adults
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Obesity Trends By State
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Obesity Trends By State
Obesity Trends Among US Adults in 2005
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Obesity Trends
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Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74)
MenPrevalence () MenPrevalence () WomenPrevalence () WomenPrevalence ()
Racial / Ethnic Group 1988 to 1994 1999 to 2000 1988 to 1994 1999 to 2000
Black (non-Hispanic) 58.2 60.1 68.5 78
Mexican American 69.4 74.4 69.6 71.8
White (non-Hispanic) 61.6 67.5 47.2 57.5
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Increase in Obesity Prevalence AmongU.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Obesity Prevalence AmongU.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Obesity Prevalence AmongU.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Obesity Prevalence AmongU.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74) Increase in Obesity Prevalence AmongU.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74)
MenPrevalence () MenPrevalence () WomenPrevalence () WomenPrevalence ()
Racial / Ethnic Group 1988 to 1994 1999 to 2000 1988 to 1994 1999 to 2000
Black (non-Hispanic) 21.3 28.8 39.1 50.8
Mexican American 24.4 29.4 36.1 40.1
White (non-Hispanic) 20.7 27.7 23.3 30.6
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Obesity Trends
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Obesity Trends
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Contributing Factors

• Genetics
• Metabolism
• Behavior/Lifestyle
• Food Choices
• Environment
• Race/Ethnicity
• Socioeconomic status

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Socioeconomic Status

• Income
• Education
• Employment
• Marriage
• Residence
• Insel, Paul, Turner, Elaine R., and Ross Don.
  Nutrition. Second Ed.

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Behavior/Lifestyle

• Sedentary behaviors
• Lack of exercise/physical activity
• Television/Computer/Video Games
• Poor Diets
• High calorie/high fat foods
• Food choices

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Food Choices

• Portion Control
• Food Labels
• Daily Values
• Understanding the new Food Guide Pyramid

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Bagel
20 Years Ago
Today

• A bagel 20 years ago was 3 inches in diameter and
  had 140 calories. How many calories do you think
  are in today's bagel?
• 350 ?     250 ?  
    150 ?

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Cheeseburger

• A cheeseburger 20 years ago had 333 calories. How
  many calories do you think are in today's
  cheeseburger?
• 590 ?   620  ? 
   700 ?

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Spaghetti Meatballs

• A portion of spaghetti and meatballs 20 years ago
  had 500 calories. How many calories do you think
  are in today's portion of spaghetti and
  meatballs?
• 1,025 ?     600  ?
   800 ?

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Understanding Food Labels
http//www.cfsan.fda.gov/dms/foodlab.htmlseeimag
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Health Consequences

• Hypertension
• High cholesterol/high levels of triglycerides
• Type II Diabetes
• Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• Stroke
• Gallbladder disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Sleep apnea/respiratory problems
• Some cancers

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Causes
• High fat/cholesterol diets
• Overweight
• Lack of physical activity
• Atherosclerosis
• Stroke
• Heart attack

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Hypertension

• Blood Pressure
• Systolic/diastolic
• Silent Killer
• Risk factors
• Eating too much salt
• Lack of physical activity
• Drinking too much alcohol

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Type II Diabetes

• What is Type II Diabetes?
• Insulin
• Blood glucose levels
• Hypoglycemia
• Drop in normal blood glucose levels
• Recommendations
• Weight loss
• Diet
• Physical activity

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Economic Consequences

• Direct Costs
• Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services
• Indirect Costs
• Morbidity
• Mortality

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How much of a strain does obesity put on the
economy?

• In 1998, overweight and obese people caused
  medical expenses that accounted for 9.1 percent
  (78.5 billion) of total U.S. medical
  expenditures. The equivalent of 92.6 billion in
  2002 dollars. Obesity alone cost 47.5 billion.
• Since 1998 the prevalence of overweight and
  obesity has caused a further increase in medical
  expenses

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Economic Strain

• Medicare and Medicaid (government programs) were
  responsible for about half of these costs.
• The majority of Americans want a National Health
  Care System, but it is not feasible due to the
  economic strain that overweight and obese
  Americans place on the government.

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Costs In Florida

• 5.1 of the adult population is obese
• Obesity related medical costs attribute to 3.987
  billion in costs
• 6.1 of the population is covered by Medicare
  (1.29 billion in costs)
• 11.6 of the population is covered by Medicaid
  (900 million in costs)

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Battling the Bulge

• Government-Based Programs
• The Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to
  Prevent Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases
• National School Lunch Program
• Elderly Nutrition Program
• Local/Community-Based Programs
• Coordinated School Health Programs
• Physical Education Programs
• UF Gator Well Health promotion services

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Recommendations

• A Vision For The Future
• Communication
• Action
• Research and Evaluation

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What the experts say
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Serving Sizes

• Tennis Ball
• Cassette Tape
• Hockey Puck
• Computer Mouse
• 4 Dice
• Bar of Soap

1. 1 Serving of cheese
2. 1 Serving of Meat, Chicken, or Fish
3. 1 Serving of Bread
4. 1 Serving of Fruit or Vegetables
5. 1 Medium Potato
6. 1 Serving of Pasta, Rice, or Cereal Or 1 Bagel