What is a breed?

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What is a breed?

• The classic definition of a "breed" is usually
  stated as a variation of this statement.
• Animals that, through selection and breeding,
  have come to resemble one another and pass those
  traits uniformly to their offspring.

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What is a breed?

• Unfortunately this definition leaves some
  unanswered questions. For example, when is a
  crossbred animal considered a composite breed and
  when do we stop thinking about them as
  composites?
• Composite crossbreeding is accomplished by
  developing a new breed composed of other existing
  breeds. Once constructed, the composite breed can
  be mated like a conventional (straight) breed.

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• The development of the breeds takes different
  routes also. In some breeds you can see the
  amount of change that can occur as the result of
  selection for a small number of traits. As an
  example, Holstein cattle have been selected
  primarily for milk production and are the highest
  milk producing cattle in the world. Other breeds
  have traits that result from natural selection
  pressure based upon the environment in which they
  were developed. An example of this might be the
  Ndama cattle from west Africa. These animals
  have, through the centuries, developed a
  resistance to trypanosomiasis or sleeping
  sickness spread by the tse-tse fly, which is
  fatal to most other breeds of cattle.

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Classification and Identification of
Beef Cattle Breeds
Charolais
Black Angus
Brahman
Hereford
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OBJECTIVES

• To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into
  Bos taurus or Bos indicus .
• To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into
  British, European.
• To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of
  Certain Composite Breeds.
• To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

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Classification Why do we Need It

• We classify everything. Example Automobiles
• We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can
  we break them down even further.

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Classification Of Automobiles
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CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE
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BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE

• Hereford
• Polled Herefords
• Black Angus
• Red Angus
• Devon
• Shorthorn
• Red Poll

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EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE

• Simmental
• Limousin
• Maine-Anjou
• Salers
• Charolais
• Piedmontese
• Blonde dAquitaine

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ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE

• Grey Brahman
• Nellore
• Indo Brazilian
• Red Brahman
• Africander

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COMPOSITE BREEDS OF CATTLE

• Brangus (RED BLACK)
• Beefmasters Beefmaker
• Simbrah Braford
  
• Bramousin Santa Gertrudis
  
• American 7 Way Composite
• Salorn

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HYBRID-VIGOR BENEFITS

• More Climate variable
• Increased Growth Rate
• Increased Vigor and Fertility

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Bos taurus BEEF BREEDS

• BRITISH / EUROPEAN

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Hereford

• Originated in England
• Red with white points
• Horned usually
• Known for pink eye

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Black Angus

• Native to Angus (near Scotland)
• Came to U.S. in 1873
• Most popular beef breed in the US
• Always black in color
• Can produce Red Angus
• Known for Marbling Ability
• No.1 in numbers of registered animals
• Always polled
• There is a Red Angus breed

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Red Angus

• Originated in the British Isles
• Same as Black Angus
• Barred from Angus herdbook
• Recognized as separate breed
• Were registered with Black Angus herdbooks until
  1917
• Red Angus Assoc. of America formed in 1954

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Texas Longhorn

• Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new
  world by Columbus
• Roamed free in the southwest until after the
  Civil War
• Was replaced by new breeds in 1880s
• Various colors
• Almost went extinct
• Known for Low Birth Weights and Calving ease for
  Heifers
• Numbers are increasing

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Red Poll

• Developed in England
• Primarily used for meat in US
• Milk production in other countries
• Dark red and polled

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Shorthorn

• Originated in England
• White to red in color
• Roane Color, very popular for show heifers.

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Devon

• Originated in England
• Also called North Devon
• One of the oldest beef breeds
• At one time used for milk
• Mature cows weigh 950-1300 lbs.

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification
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Limousin

• Native to South-Central France
• Golden-red to red-brown in color

Bos Taurus European Breed Classification
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Simmental

• First recorded in Switzerland
• Large body mass
• Light red to dark red with white points
• Known for Maternal Characteristics

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Charolais

• Originated from France
• White in color
• Mature bulls weigh 2000-2500lbs
• Mature Females weigh 1250-2000
• Known for Size and Muscle
• Bos taurus/European-Breed
• Classification

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Chianina

• Developed in Italy
• Came to U.S. in 1971
• Used in cross-breeding programs
• They have black skin and white hair
• Largest breed of cattle. Cows up to 2400 lbs.

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Wagyu

• All Japanese cattle
• Various colors
• Consists of many Japanese breeds
• Known for Marbling in the Meat

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Piedmontese

• Originated in Italy
• Double muscled breed
• Light to dark gray in color

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Blonde dAquitaine

• Originated in France
• Blonde color
• Known for Heavy Muscle

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Salers

• Native to France
• Milk production important in Europe
• Red to brown in color
• Known for some Carcass Merit

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Tarentaise

• Originated in France
• Used for milk in Europe
• Red color

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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Maine-Anjou

• Originated in France
• Mature bulls weigh 2100-3000 lbs.
• Mature cows weigh 1500-1900 lbs.
• Dark red with white markings

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification
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BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS

• ZEBU

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Brahman

• Developed in U.S. between 1854-1926
• Brood stock came from India
• Used in cross-breeding programs
• Large hump on back and loose skin
• They have a high heat tolerance
• Light gray or red to black
• Known for Mothering Ability

Bos Indicus Classification
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Red Brahman

• Heat and Insect Resistant
• Mothering Ability

Bos Indicus Classification
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Nelore

• Known form having smaller ears and cleaner lines
  than other zebu breeds.
• Biggest populations in South America.
• Heat and Insect tolerant

Bos Indicus Classification
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Indo Brazilian

• Known for Large Ears
• Heaviest Populations in
  South America
• High in Maternal Attributes

Bos Indicus Classification
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Africander

• Native to South Africa
• Usually red with long horns
• Used for meat and as a draft animal
• Mature cows weigh 1150-1350 lbs.
• Mature bulls weigh 1650-2200 lbs.

Bos Indicus Classification
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Composite Beef Cattle Breeds
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American

• Developed in New Mexico
• Official breed conformation-
• 1/2 Brahman
• 1/8 Bison
• 1/4 Charolais
• 1/16 Hereford
• 1/16 Shorthorn
• Composite Breed Classification

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Brangus

• Originated in the United States
• 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus
• Solid black
• Polled

Composite Breed Classification
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Bramousin

• Originated in the United States
• Golden to red in color
• 5/8 Limousin, 3/8 Brahman

Composite Breed Classification
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Braford

• Developed in Florida
• 3/8 Brahman, 5/8Hereford
• Red with white points

Composite Breed Classification
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Simbrah

• Originated in the United States
• Brahman and Simmental breeds used
• Light to dark red with some white marks

Composite Breed Classification
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Beefmaker

• Originated in the United States
• 3/4 Hereford, 1/4 Simmental
• Red with white points

Composite Breed Classification
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Beefmaster

• Originated in the United States
• Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
• Composite Breed Classification

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Salorn

• Developed in the United States
• 5/8 Salers. 3/8 Texas Longhorn
• Lean meat
• Environmentally adaptable

Composite Breed Classification
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Texon

• Originated in the United States
• Texas Longhorn and Devon breeds used

Composite Breed Classification
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Santa Gertrudis
Originated at the King Ranch in Texas Made up
of Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn
Breeds Known for Heat tolerance
Composite Breed Classification
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Review Of Beef Cattle Classification

• Cattle are Classified into Two Groups
• The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two
  Groups.
• What are some Composite Breeds and what are their
  makeup.
• What are some Breeds Attributes.

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Resources

• www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/