Language Learning A Grand Framework

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Language LearningA Grand Framework

• Masayasu AOTANI
• The International Center
• Kyoto University

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Our Agenda

• Who is AOTANI?
• Why is English important?
• Three Helices of Language Learning
• Activities QA ???

The Internet ApproachSkate Boarder
Style nonlineardo it sideways
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• College Students Today (??????)
• 30 Years with Ms. X(????30?)
• And much much more

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Our Agenda

• Who is AOTANI?
• Why is English important?
• Three Helices of Language Learning
• Activities QA

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Our Agenda

• Who the hell is AOTANI?
• Why is English important?
• Three Helices of Language Learning

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????(????????)?

• Born in Osaka in 1954 His father was a high
  school teacher and his grandfather was a Shinto
  priest.
• Ten-noji High School(???????)
• Faculty of Science, Kyoto University
• Graduate School Faculty of Science, Kyoto
  University

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Education continued

• University of Maryland Chemistry (79)
• Princeton University Physics
• CCNY of CUNY
• The City College of New York of the City
  University of New York Physics and Mathematics
• University of California at Berkeley
  Mathematics (99)

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Industry Experience

• Kumon Educational Institute New Jersey
  Manhattan
• Geoworks Silicon Valley (an operating system
  for handheld devices)

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Language Related Education

• A TESOL Certificate from Princeton
• Japanese Pedagogy graduate study at San Francisco
  State University
• TESOL Doctoral Program at Temple University Japan

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Teaching Experience

• English for Immigrants at Princeton
• Technical Japanese at MIT
• Intermediate and Advanced Japanese at the
  University of California at Berkeley
• English for international scholars at the
  University of California at Berkeley
• English at Kyoto University graduate and
  undergraduate

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My Proficiency in English

• TOEFL 620, ????1? (1978)
• TOEFL 660, GRE Verbal 89 (1988)
• ??????2? (1999)
• TOEIC 990, TOEFL 300 (2002)

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Good, but not good enough.
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• A billion times the proficiency of a typical
  Kyoto University faculty

A billionth of typical native proficiency
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Teaching/Learning Philosophies and Principles

• Relentless pursuit of effectiveness and
  efficiency
• An Integrative Approach to develop all four
  skills simultaneously
• Focus on Implicit Abilities
• Automaticity

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GOD

• Good Overall Design
• The Double Helix of Knowledge
• The Triple Helix for Materials/Training
• The Quadruple Helix of Proficiency Development

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DOG
Do??????? Old-fashioned Ga?????
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DOG
Doomed Old-fashioned Grammar Translation
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My New Book

• ?????
• ?????????
• DHC?????
• 2005?9???

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Our Agenda

• Who is AOTANI?
• Why is English important?
• Three Helices of Language Learning

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Why is English important?

• Military capability, Economic might, Ability to
  communicate and negotiate
• Quick decision making
• International mutual understanding
• Asia has the largest English speaking population

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?????????

• English is strong.
• English is powerful.
• English is influential.
• English is dominant.

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Some Numbers

• The first language for 400 million people.
• The second language for 400 million people.
• An additional 800 million people speak English.
• One of every four people speaks English.
• English is an official language in 60 countries.

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History was on its side as well.
The Great Britain dominated the world in the 19th
century followed by the rise of the United States
in the 20th century. Two English speaking
countries dominated the world back to back.
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Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen
In as early as 1898, Bismarck was already saying
that English is the determining factor in the
20th century since the North Americans speak it.
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More Numbers

• English speaking countries account for 40 of the
  worlds GDP.
• 80 of the Web sites are in English.
• New words were created by poets in the Middle
  Ages. However, 60 of todays new words are in
  science and technology, and most of them are
  English words.

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Cultural Factors

• The global appeal of the American culture and
  society
• English as the international language of the
  masses replaced French, which was largely spoken
  by the elites for international communication in
  the 18th and the 19th century.
• Entertainment industry

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Summary

• The number and the diversity of English speakers
• A large number of nonnative speakers who use it
• It has become a global language.
• It is not a linguistic imperialism.

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The Dominance Continues

• Young peoples choice

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Global Common Sense

• Humans speak English.

There is no way out.
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English Proficiency of the Japanese

• The entire nation lacks English proficiency.
• All four skills are weak.
• Diplomats ability to write English has
  deteriorated.
• TOEFL score
• About average in Asia in the 60s
• About the worst in Asia now competing with North
  Korea, Thailand, and Mongolia

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• Japanese peoples ability to read and write
  English is out of the question, but their
  listening and speaking are even worse.

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• In 1898 Bismarck said
• The determining factor in the 20th century is
  English as the North Americans speak it.

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• On July 12th 2002, the Education Ministry
  established
• ??????????????????????(an Action Plan to
  Cultivate Japanese with English Abilities )

Japan was behind by over a century.
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Our Agenda

• Who is AOTANI?
• Why is English important?
• Three Helices of Language learning

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The Three Helices

• The Double Helix of Knowledge
• The Quadruple Helix of Methods
• The Triple Helix of Material Selection
• The Triple Helix of Training Strategy

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The Three Helices

• The Double Helix of Knowledge
• The Quadruple Helix of Methods
• The Triple Helix of Material Selection
• The Triple Helix of Training Strategy

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The Double Helix of Knowledge(???????)

• Explicit/Declarative Knowledge
• (????????)
• Implicit/Procedural Knowledge
• (?????????)

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DeclarativeExplicit(??????)
Just like the knowledge of mathematical formulas

• Can explain in words
• the dictionary meaning of a word
• grammatical rules
• International Phonetic Alphabets

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• Solving a complex math problem
• Riding a bicycle

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ProceduralImplicit(??????)

• Can do, but cannot explain in words
• the real meaning, in context, of a word
• proper application of grammatical rules
• conversational fluency

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The Real Meaning of a Word

• How and in what kind of situation?
• Borrow a phone.
• We will not meet next week.
• How about appreciate?
• Do you think he will appreciate it?

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Application of Grammatical Rules

• I actually know this, but
• I bought a apple.
• I have seen it yesterday.

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The Most Important Types of Procedural Knowledge

• Different aspects of proficiency
• Listening comprehension (natural speed)
• Reading comprehension (no going back and forth)
• Composition (not translation)
• Conversational fluency

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The Problem

• Automaticity(???)
• Weak on Implicit/Procedural Knowledge
• Reliance on Explicit Knowledge
• slow processing
• unnatural English

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Lacking what should be there

• Cant use correct and idiomatic English in a
  native-like mode

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The Three Helices

• The Double Helix of Knowledge
• The Quadruple Helix of Methods
• The Triple Helix of Material Selection
• The Triple Helix of Training Strategy

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The Quadruple Helix

• Paul Nation (New Zealand)
• The Four Strands(????)
• Aotani version
• The Four Strands Plus One
• Plus One Interactive Language Use

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The Four Strands(????)

• Meaningful Input(??????????)
• Meaning-Focused Output(???????????)
• Focus-On-Form(????????)
• Fluency Development(??????)

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Meaningful Input(??????????)

• Listening and reading of easily manageable
  English (should be familiar with 95 to 98 of the
  running words)
• To get used to processing English input
• To learn native-like processing
• To develop Implicit/Procedural Knowledge of input
  processing as well as individual words and
  expressions

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Meaning-Focused Output(???????????)

• Write and speak to convey actual meaning in a
  natural context
• To get used to the linguistic processes involved
  in writing/speaking
• To learn native-like processing modes (z.B. no
  translation from Japanese)
• To notice ones weaknesses i.e. what one can not
  express
• To develop Implicit/Procedural Knowledge of
  English output

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Focus-On-Form(????????)

• Make a conscious effort to learn vocabulary,
  idioms, grammatical rules, pronunciation, etc.
• Acquire some parts of the linguistic knowledge,
  which infants can naturally absorb by being
  exposed to it long enough, as ExplicitDeclarative
  Knowledge

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Fluency Development(??????)

• Using what we know and doing what we can do
  smoothly across all four skills
• Adding Implicit/Procedural Knowledge to
  Explicit/Declarative Knowledge
• Strengthening and refining Implicit/Procedural
  Knowledge
• Basically, this is all about becoming more
  comfortable with and faster in processing English

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• Automaticity
• (???)

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Meaningful Input

• 95 to 98 of the running words should be known
  already
• Should not use normal speed for listening
• Graded Readers are better
• To learn what input processing is all about
• To encounter words and expressions in their
  natural habitat

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Meaning-Focused Output

• Composition about a given topic(Ex. TOEFL Writing
  Topics)
• Pair Work
• Task-Based Approach
• Monologues talking to yourself aloud
• Occasional checking by a native speaker to
  prevent fossilization and expanded reproduction
  of mistakes

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TOEFL Writing Topics

• How do movies or television influence peoples
  behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to
  support your answer.
• A company has announced that it wishes to build a
  large factory near your community. Discuss the
  advantages and disadvantages of this new
  influence on your community. Do you support or
  oppose the factory? Explain your position.

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Focus-On-Form

• Sufficient grammatical knowledge Gakkou Eigo is
  just about enough
• 10,000-word vocabulary
• Idiomatic expressions

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2,000-Word Conversation Myth

• Native speakers need only about 2,000 words in
  daily conversation.
• Hence, we only need 2,000 words to speak English
  fluently.
• Not a chance!
• A strong linguistic sense of direction
• Well-developed vocabulary is a must.
• I know of no such example!

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English-English Dictionary Myth

• Ok to use to learn English
• Not a wise choice for vocabulary building(only
  for advanced learners and sparingly even then)
• cat feline mammal usually having thick soft fur
  and being unable to roar
• philosophy the rational investigation of
  questions about existence and knowledge and
  ethics

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Fluency Development

• Extensive reading, writing, listening, and
  speaking
• Speed reading (by Japanese standards)
• Listening comprehension for normal speed
  materials
• Quantity and Persistence
• Hard and Long and a Lot

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On Expertise

• Ichiro
• Tiger Woods
• Advanced nonnative speakers

Tens of thousands of hours of training is
required.
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??????????Who stepped on who?

• Four-year olds(less than 10,000 hours of
  linguistic training)
• ??
• Five-year olds(with 10,000 hours of linguistic
  training)
• ?????????????

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How did it happen?

• Four-year Olds
• simply ignores the question
• Five-year Olds
• Stories after stories like a flood (adult-like
  storylines)

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• Our goal, and our students goal, is to become a
  five-year old!

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Automatic Processing and Production

• Automatic native-like processing and production
  automatically leads to a native-like product.

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A Sense of Direction in English

• Know what constitute good English implicitly and
  intuitively.

A good sense of what English language is all about
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The Three Helices

• The Double Helix of Knowledge
• The Quadruple Helix of Methods
• The Triple Helix of Material Selection/Training
  Strategy

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The Triple Helix

• Intensive Extensive Dichotomy(??)
• Diversity, Comprehensiveness, and
  Integration(?????????)
• Optimization(???)

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Intensive vs. Extensive

• Detail-oriented intensive training
• Focus-On-Form
• Meaningful Input, Meaning-Focused Output
• Quantity-oriented extensive training
• Fluency Development
• Meaningful Input, Meaning-Focused Output

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Diversity, Comprehensiveness, Integration

• Diversity materials and training
• Seven (more?) intelligences
• Comprehensiveness aspects and usage
• Should cover the whole of English
• Integration links and anchoring
• A network of links and anchoring

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Optimization

• This is philosophical and attitudinal, rather
  than factual, regarding continuous improvement
  and quality control.
• For each skill, there is an optimal set of
  training methods.
• For each type of training, there is an optimal
  combination of materials.

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The Best Way to Become a Five-Year Old

• How do five-year olds become five years old?
• Do the same thing!

Five-year olds take five years to become five
years old.
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20 Years in the US

• TOEFL 300
• TOEIC 990

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• A billion times the proficiency of a typical
  Kyoto University faculty

A billionth of typical native proficiency
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???? ?????? ?????
?????? ???????
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However much you learn, it will never be
enough. For such is the nature of
learning.
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????(???? ????)? ? 606-8501 ?????????? ???????
????? aotani_at_aoitani.net http//aoitani.net/ TEL
075-753-2568 FAX [phone]
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