People And Their Needs

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People And Their Needs

• Chapter 12

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12.1 A Portrait of Earth

• Biomes The interactions among organisms and non
  living factors that give rise to distinct
  ecosystems.

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12.1 A Portrait of Earth Systems and Connections

• Climate is determined primarily by the
  interaction of air temperature and water.
• Physical laws govern Earths systems through
  matter and energy.
• Ocean circulation, plate tectonics, and global
  temperature changes all result in dramatic
  changes in ecosystems.

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12.1 A Portrait of Earth

• Earth is a closed system when it comes to matter.
  Only a tiny bit enters in and leaves.

• Earth is an open system with respects to
  energy
• due to the exchange among the sun, Earth, and
  
• space.

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The suns energy powers almost everything on
Earth for example ocean currents cloud
formations plant growth.
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Plate Tectonics is one of the few systems on
Earth not powered by energy from the Sun
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12.1 A Portrait of Earth Perceptions of Earth

• Gaia hypothesis states that Earth functions like
  a single, living organism that regulates itself
  to maintain life.
• Earth is thought of as a living organism.
• Gaia hypothesis disagrees with the views of most
  modern industrial societies.

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12.2 Human Societies

• Fully modern Homo sapiens first evolved from
  ancestral humans about 35000 years ago.
• They were intelligent, artistic (painters), and
  handy (intricate tools).

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12.2 Human SocietiesHunter-Gatherer Societies

• Small impact on the environment because of low
  population density which allows the environment
  to regenerate.
• They dont drain the resources! The environment
  has time to recover.

• A society in which people gather natural food,
  hunt, and are nomadic.

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12.2 Human SocietiesAgricultural Societies

• A society in which crops are grown and people
  have time to develop specialized roles.

• The early, rapid population
• growth rate was a result of an
• increased food supply.

The invention of the plow led to the expansion of
the food supply.
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12.2 Human SocietiesAgricultural Societies

• As farming became more productive, more people
  had the free time to start manufacturing
  products.
• Societies that fell like the Babylonian Empire
  were a result of unwise land-use practices
  resulting in desertification.

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12.2 Human SocietiesIndustrial Societies

• A society in which the production of food and
  other products is performed by machines,
  demanding large amounts of energy and resources.
• Machines replaced craftspeople.

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12.2 Human SocietiesIndustrial Societies

• The increase of industrialization was accompanied
  by increased use of fossil fuels.
• Food Supply, Human Population and Manufactured
  Goods all increased during this time.

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12.3 Sustainable DevelopmentThe Sustainable
Development Ethic

• An ethic that meets current global human needs
  without limiting the ability of future
  generations to meet their own needs.

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12.3 Sustainable Development

• Resource Water, Wind and Sunlight
• Human populations are subject to natural
  controls.
• Ex. Temperature, Precipitation, Crops, Oxygen

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12.3 Sustainable DevelopmentThe Frontier Ethic

• Founded on the
• assumption that human
• society is separate from nature.
• Not an Environmentally Friendly Ethic!
• Examples of Frontier Ethic activities would
  include clear cutting forests, building dams, and
  draining wetlands.

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• Renewable Resources A resource that regenerates
  quickly. (Ex. Water, Wood,Sun)

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• Nonrenewable Resources A resource that cannot
  regenerate quickly. (Ex. Oil, Ores)
• They are running out!!!