Vocabulary Ch 17-18

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Vocabulary Ch 17-18

• Absolute monarch
• Divine right
• Armada
• Intendant
• Balance of Power
• Dissenter
• Habeas corpus
• Limited monarchy
• Elector
• Mercenary
• Depopulation
• Westernization
• Boyar
• Warm-water port

• Natural law
• Social contract
• Natural right
• Philosophe
• Physiocrat
• Laissez faire
• Censorship
• Enlightened despot
• Constitutional government
• Cabinet
• Prime minister
• Oligarchy
• Popular sovereignty
• Loyalist
• Federal republic

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Day One - Warm-up

• Grab a book and write the definitions on your
  warm-up sheet (ch. 14).
• Armada
• Divine right of Kings
• Absolutism
• Natural Rights
• Czar

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The Age of AbsolutismThe Enlightenment and the
American Revolution

• 1500 to 1800

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The Age of Absolutism-Spain

• Philip II...great grandson of Ferdinand and
  Isabella- Expanded Spanish influence
• Made absolute monarch
• Believed in divine right
• Spain became the most powerful state in Europe-
  due to new world

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Spain's Decline

• Inflation- to much gold and silver
• Costly overseas wars
• Taxed the middle class
• Expulsion of Jews and Muslims
• Reduced skilled artisans and merchants

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France- Under Louis XIV

• Religious wars tore France apart in the late
  1500s
• Assumed absolute power in 1661
• Was a workaholic, Divine Right
• France the most powerful Europe
• 300,000 paid full time army
• Versailles
• Became the seat of government
• 10,000 lived there
• Nobles vied for privileges and paid no taxes

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Absolute Monarchy in Russia

• Peter the Great
• Absolute Monarch
• Importing western technology
• Russia expanded its territory, from the Baltic to
  the Pacific

• Catherine the Great
• Achieved a warm-water port on the Black Sea by
  waging war against the Ottoman empire

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Summary

• Write four or more sentences, summarizing your
  notes to this point.

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England-The Tudors

• Henry VIII to Elizabeth ... 1485 to 1603
• Worked with Parliament
• Spanish Armada..1588
• Sir Frances Drake

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The Stuart kings

• Clashed with Parliament
• Over royal authority, money, foreign policy, and
  religion
• Charles I- 1625
• Wanted divine right
• Dissolved Parliament
• Tried to arrest House of Commons Leader

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Civil War 1642 to 1649

• Cavaliers and Roundheads
• Victorious Parliament executed Charles in 1649
• Ended the monarchy
• Created a republic headed by Oliver Cromwell
• Censorship- closed taverns, theaters, no dancing
• No religious toleration

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The Glorious Revolution

• 1660 Monarchy returned
• Divine Right, religious toleration
• Avoid absolute monarch in future
• English Bill of Rights
• House of Commons given the power of the purse
• Habeas corpus
• A limited monarchy

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Summary

• Write four or more sentences, summarizing your
  notes to this point.

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The Enlightenment and the American Revolution
(17151800)

• Philosophy in the Age of Reason
• Enlightenment thinkers called philosophes...Love
  rs of Wisdom
• Natural laws to solve social, political, and
  economic problems.

The reasoning of men could free them of their
ills and lead them to peace, security, a good
government and ideal society. Reason would ensure
the progress of humanity and entire society.
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Political Thinkers

• Thomas Hobbes pessimistic1651
• People were naturally bad
• Government needed to be strict to control
• Social contract
• An entire society agrees to be governed by its
  general will

• John Locke optimistic1690
• Natural rights...to life liberty and property
• People formed governments to protect rights
• If governments failed then the people could
  overthrow them

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Other Changes

• Most Europeans remained peasants
• Lived in small rural villages
• Untouched by Enlightenment ideas
• Peasant life
• Westerntenant farmers or paid labor
• Easternmany were still serfs

• Music
• Johann Sebastian Bach..organ and choirs
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart... operas, symphonies and
  religious

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Summary

• Write four or more sentences, summarizing your
  notes to this point.

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Tuesday - Warm-up

• Grab a book and begin reading the section
  Economics on pg. 521. Answer the following
  questions in complete sentences!
• What did the physiocrats believe?
• What does laissez-faire mean?
• Who provided the best statements on
  laissez-faire? What was the title of his book?
• According to Adam Smith, what were the 3 roles of
  government?

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Britain at Mid-Century 1700's

• Had Risen to World Power
• Island location
• Colonial possessions
• Favorable business climate
• Powerful navy

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Birth of the American Republic

• 13 colonies in America, controlled by British
• British taxes
• Trade restrictions
• An attack on their rights as British citizens
• Especially since they had no representation in
  Parliament

• Intolerable Acts
• Accused Colonists could be tried in England
• American homes were forced to host British troops
  
• Boston Harbor was closed

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American Revolution

• 1770... Boston Massacre 5 people
  killed
• 1773... Boston Tea Party Protest of taxes
• 1775... War!!!

• 1776... Declaration of war
  
  
  

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We hold these truths John Locke
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The War 1775 to 1781Looked bleak at the start

• The British
• Had a professional army
• Lots of money
• Occupied most majors cities
• 1/3 of colonists were loyalists
• 1/3 did not care

• The Americans
• Few military resources
• Little money
• Fighting on their own ground
• Controlled the countryside

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The End of the War

• The French Alliance 1777
• Battle of Saratoga convinced the French to join
• Supplied ... arms, training and warships
• Netherlands and Spain also joined

• Treaty of Paris... 1781
• United States of America recognized
• New boundaries to the Mississippi river

John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry
Laurens, and Franklin's grandson, William Temple
Franklin,
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A new ConstitutionInspired by Enlightenment
ideas

• Separation of powers and checks and balances
• Natural rights
• Consent of the governed
• Freedom of Speech
• The United States Constitution would serve as a
  model for other democratic nations.

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Summary

• Write four or more sentences, summarizing your
  notes to this point.

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America the Beautiful
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The End

• The French Revolution is next
• Read Chapter 19