Data Communications Program

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Data CommunicationsProgram
Program Overview
Presented to ACP WG-M By Gregg Anderson US
Member for OPLINKP Date February 1-2, 2011
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History of FAA Continental Data Communications
Initiatives

• Mission Need Statement 042
  1991
• JRC Original Program Decision
  1998
• CPDLC Build I, IA, II, III
• IOC Miami ARTCC
  10/02
• CPDLC Build I
• AMS Investment Analysis Build IA
  04/04
• Terminate CPDLC Program
• ZMA Build I Shut Down 10/04
• Investment Analysis Readiness Decision
  09/06
• New Data Comm Program
• Initial Investment Decision 07/08
• Provide entry into Final Investment Analysis

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FAA Data Comm CONOPS
ARTCCS
Trajectory Based Operations High Performance
Airspace
TRACONS
TOWERS
WX Reroutes
Clearances
Time Based Metering
Pilot Downlink
Fix
Tailored Arrivals / CDAs
ARTCCs
VDL-2
VDL-2
User Flight Operations Control
TOWER
ATCSCC
TRACONs
Taxi Instructions
Digital ATIS
Departure Clearance
Global Harmonization, Enhanced Safety, Increased
Capacity
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What is Data Comm?

• It is a portfolio consisting of
• Automation Platforms
• Tower, TRACON, En Route, Oceanic
• Network
• VDL-2 potentially VDL-0 for DCL
• SATCOM
• Avionics
• FANS/ATN
• VDL-2 potentially VDL-0 for DCL
• SATCOM
• Services
• Traffic flow management
• Flight crew requests/reports
• High availability, guaranteed delivery and low
  latency times
• Data exchange for Safety Critical Air Traffic
  Control (ATC) clearances and instructions

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What will Data Comm do?

• Safety
• Eliminate read back / hear back errors
• Reduce occurrences of pilot deviations
• Improve human efficiency
• Fuel
• Reduce flight times, miles flown and carbon
  emissions
• Optimized profiles in all phases of flight
  e.g.OPDs
• Schedule
• Improve integrity of flight segments
• Quicker recovery from disrupted operations

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Timeline Segment 1
Final Investment Decision Air Ground Network
Tower Automation (2011)
Initial Investment Decision (2008)
Request for Proposal Release (2011)
Investment Analysis Readiness Decision (2006)
Final Investment Decision for En Route (2012)
Tower Initial Site (2014)
En Route Initial Site (2017)
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Timeline Segment 2
Segment 2 En Route and Approach Control
Implementation (2022)
Final Investment Decision Segment 2 En Route and
Approach Control (2018)
Initial Investment Decision (2008)
Investment Analysis Readiness Decision (2006)
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Data Comm Capabilities Globally Harmonized
2010 2015
2020 2025
2030
Existing Aircraft Capabilities (FANS 1/A over
VDL-2)
Aircraft Equipage
214/78 Equipage
Avionics Available
Avionics Standards
Segment 3???
Segment 1
Segment 2
DC In TRACON / Upgrade En Route
NextGen Equipage Rule???
DC In Tower
DC In En Route
Operational Capabilities

• Revised Departure Clearances

• TRACON Data Comm Including Routine Clearances,
  Comm Mgmt, Optimized Descents

• Validation Trials

• Widespread 4-D Agreements

• D-ATIS

• D-TAXI Out

• D-TAXI In

• Clearances

Red Terminal Function Black En Route
Function Purple Cross Domain Function

• Conformance Management

• Comm Mgmt
• TFM Reroutes

• Operational Terminal Info Service
• NAS Status / Delays / Constraints / Sequencing
  Hazardous WX

• Optimized Descent (TAP/CDA) Validations

• Widespread Delegated Separation using ADS-B
  Interval Management

• Initial Trajectory Based Ops

A/C Forward Fit Rule
European Deployment
Core Europe Ground Systems
A/C Retrofit Rule / All Europe Ground Systems
4DLINK / SESAR
LINK 2K
SESAR
Implementation Package 1
Implementation Package 3
Implementation Package 2

• Complex Clearances

• En Route ATC Clearances

• Widespread 4-D Agreements

• Conformance Management

• Comm Mgmt
• ATC Microphone Check

• Widespread MS / CP / ITP / PAIRAPP

• Taxi-Out In Terminal Info

• TAP/CDAs

• Initial TAP/CDAs

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Why it makes sense to use
FANS-1/A()(Worldwide Coverage Area for Data
Link Services 2007)
FANS 1/A
ATN w/FANS (2011)
ATN w/FANS (2016)
FANS 1/A
FANS 1/A
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Data Comm Requires Significant User Investment
Segments 1 and 2 Risk-Adjusted Then Year
Air-Ground Network 12
Automation 43
User (Equipage) 45

• Costs through 2032
• Includes development, installation, training,
  ops, maintenance, etc

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Data Comm Equipage Strategy

• Users equip once for all segments
• Ground system evolves

100

• Financial incentives
• Offset equipage costs
• Operational incentives
• Provide high benefit services
• Service for equipage
• Regulatory Action
• Combination of forward-fit, retro-fit, and/or
  airspace actions
• Aligned with NextGen rulemaking strategy

Regulatory Action
Operational incentives
Data Comm Equipage
Financial incentives
Mandate only without incentives
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CPDLC Provides Enhanced Communications in ALL
domains

• CPDLC Reduces
• Controller-Pilot Misunderstandings
• Radio Operator and Controller-Pilot transcription
  errors
• Confusion from non-standard phraseology
• Radio Frequency congestion
• CPDLC Provides
• Auto-loading of ATC clearances
• Standardization of ATC messages across regions
• Data formats for pilot down-links that can
  automatically be integrated into ground
  automation systems
• Increased efficiency w/beneficial results

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Emerging Services

• Tailored Arrivals
• Optimized arrival profile up-linked to aircraft
  and loaded into FMS
• Waypoint Management
• Managed in-flight spacing using Data Comm for
  delivery of control times at strategic points
• 4-D Trajectory Optimization
• Enhancements to flight profiles are negotiated
  via CPDLC
• ADS-C Oceanic In-Trail Procedures
• Separation down to 15NM for climb and descent
  through a blocking aircraft, and

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Departure Clearance - DCL

• FANS DCL Service 2014
• ATN DCL Service 2017
• DCL service consist of
• Initial Departure Clearance
• Revised Initial Departure Clearance
• Revised Departure Clearance
• Departure Clearance Defined in SC-214/78
• http//www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_o
  ffices/ato/service_units/techops/atc_comms_service
  s/sc214/current_docs/
• FAA Ops Spec A056 recently modified to authorize
  worldwide Data Communication capability
  (Continental Remote airspace) according to your
  B50 areas of ops

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Revised Pre-departure Clearance Issued to Data
Comm Aircraft First - Scenario
Non-DC aircraft await pre-departure clearance via
voice
Photo from Google Earth April 20, 2009
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Taxi Queue after Push-back
Revised Pre-departure Clearance Issued to Data
Comm Aircraft First - Scenario
Non-DC aircraft still in Taxi Queue
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DCL Revised Departure Clearance Benefits
Equipage Rates
Minutes
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Projected 12,000 minutes saved July 2009
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100
Better performance in high traffic and adverse
weather conditions
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FANS Logon
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DCL Loadable Clearance

• Page 1

• Page 2

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User Benefits of Data Comm Summary

• Significant Reductions in Ground Delays
• Fuel Savings from TAPs, CDAs, and more efficient
  routes
• Increased Sector Throughput
• More Timely and Effective Clearances
• More Time to Think and Select Appropriate Actions
• More Orderly Work SituationDuring Traffic Rushes

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Data Communications Implementation Team
(DCIT)DRAFT Terms Of Reference

• Background
• The Data Communications Implementation Team
  (DCIT) is an environment for participants to
  perform advocacy and outreach activities on
  behalf of the NextGen Data Communications
  Program. Team members will be able to
  participate in forums related to integration of
  ground automation, communication networks, and
  avionics systems design and certification as well
  as Data Communication procedures which will
  enable users to have a stake in the success of
  the Data Communication Program. Participants
  include, but are not limited to airframe and
  avionics manufacturers, FAA, National Airspace
  System (NAS) users, and related industry
  associations and business groups.
• Authority and Administration
• Using the DCIT as the umbrella organization,
  co-chairs from the FAA and Stakeholders will be
  selected as the Technical and Operational
  authorities for the integration of Data
  Communications into NAS operations. Technical
  and administrative support will be needed and
  should be provided by the relative participants
  as required. Issues or information of a
  proprietary nature will be handled by
  Non-Disclosure Agreements signed by relevant
  participants.

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DCIT Draft (cont)

• Mission
• Provide a forum to advance FAA NextGen Data
  Communications in the NAS and bring forward
  guiding principles from the Task Force 5
  recommendations which include
• 4.6.1.3.1 Digital ATC-Aircraft Communications for
  Revised Departure Clearances, Reroutes, and
  Routine Communications (Operational Capabilities
  16, 17, 39, 42a, 44)
• The Task Force recommends implementation of this
  initial set of operational capabilities enabled
  by Data Comm for aircraft equipped with either
  FANS 1/A or ATN Baseline 1. Specifically, the
  services described in capabilities 16, 17, 39,
  42, and 44 should be provided to those aircraft
  equipped with Future Air Navigation Services
  (FANS) 1/A compliant with RTCA DO-290/2 and
  DO-258A, conducted over VDL Mode-2 (TSO-C160 )
  using the ATC facility notification and
  controller-pilot data link communication (CPDLC)
  applications.
• From the FAA NextGen Web site, Data
  Communications
• Advances in data communications between ground
  and airborne systems are envisioned to increase
  sector-based traffic capacity allowing greater
  user access and more efficient flight routing.

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DCIT Draft (cont)

• Participation
• Participation is limited to implementers of Data
  Communications Air Traffic Services in the NAS by
  authorization of the FAA Program Office. This
  would include the following major categories and
  their essential support
• Operators
• Communication Service Providers
• Avionics and aircraft manufacturers
• FAA Air Traffic Organization
• FAA AVS (AFS/AIR)
• Form of commitment for major stakeholders will be
  by letter to the Co-Chairs, endorsed by the FAA
  Program Office and the DCIT.
• Place and Timing of Meetings
• The DCIT will meet regularly at the FAA Program
  Office or other location as mutually agreed upon.
  It is expected that the DCIT will meet jointly
  with Data Communications implementers from other
  worldwide regions on an as needed basis.

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DCIT Draft (cont)

• Tasks
• Assist in developing appropriate Roadmap and
  Transition plans.
• Carry-on the activities essential to success in
  integrating the Data Communications segments.
• Supervise the integration of committed
  Stakeholders into the Data Communications
  operational environment.
• Provide a focus for the integrated planning and
  test schedules of the stakeholders.
• Analyze problems reported by participating
  members and performance metrics of the end-to-end
  system as prescribed in applicable Data
  Communications and standards documents.
• Provide a mechanism for resolution of technical
  and operational problems through the various
  standards bodies such as the Data Link User Forum
  and RTCA.
• Serve as the Configuration Control Function for
  Data Communications Baseline Reports, as
  required, to the FAA Program Office and Air
  Transport Association.
• Address Certification and Approval issues as
  required.
• Address Human Factors issues as required.
• Advise the FAA Data Communications Program
  Manager and related FAA Program Managers on
  operational and technical issues.
• Coordinate with other similar regional
  integration teams, e. g. LINK 2000 Integration
  Team, (LIT) and FANS Interoperability Team (FIT)
  as required.

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Issues

• Airspace users will not voluntarily equip
• Required ROI does not support timely user
  investment
• Economic climate not conducive to airspace user
  investment
• Agency needs to provide incentives and mandate to
  lead airspace users to NextGen
• Industry wary of FAA commitment to Data Comm and
  NextGen
• Completing the NextGen Integrated Concept Of Use
  and Equipage Strategy will reduce industry risk
• Alignment of decision support tools with Data
  Comm schedule ERAM, Automation, etc.
• Technical and Operational Issues concerning
  Airborne and Ground systems can not be solved
  without user participation and implementation
  We need your help!

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Summary

• Several RFCs have been solicited in the last
  year
• Dedicated ATS Network and Repurposing of Aircraft
  Radios, which
• Helped refine our requirements ready us for the
  final SIR
• Data Comm is a key enabler for the NextGen TBO
  portfolio
• The Data Comm operational concept was developed
  to enable TBO
• Coordinated implementation plans are required
• Aligned with Automation Roadmap, TBO portfolio,
  NextGen Implementation Plan and Global
  Implementation Plan
• Coordinated w/Users investment plans

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Meeting the Challenge

• Coordinating with FAA organizations
• Collaborating with aviation community
• RTCA
• Industry forums
• Harmonizing with
• Europeans on
• standards operations

Coordination is Key to Data Comms Success
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How We Want to Fly!!! How We Need to Fly!!!
Data Comm moving traffic with the speed of
information
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Questions ?