Unit 10

1
Unit 10Chapters 24 25

• Great Depression and World War II (1929 1929)
  CSS 11.6

2
Causes of the Crash
We in America are nearer to the final triumph
over poverty than ever before in the history of
any land. We have not yet reached the goalbut .
. . we shall soon, with the help of God, be in
sight of the day when poverty will be banished
from this nation. Herbert Hoover, 1928

• Major Causes
• stocks were overpriced
• massive fraud and illegal activity
• buying on margin
• public officials repeated reassurances
• Federal Reserve policies
• US tariff policies
• Florida Land Boom
• consumer debt
• Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929

• 1 made over 10,000
• 5 made 5,000 9,000
• 29 made 2,000 5,000
• 65 made under 2,000
• 80 of radios purchased on credit
• 60 of cars purchased on credit
• Dust Bowl, 1933
• John Steinbeck

3
Hoover Administration1929-1933
531
1928

• Election of 1928
• Muscle Shoals Bill, 1930
• Hoover Dam, 1930

R Herbert C. Hoover 21,391,993 444
D Alfred E. Smith 15,016,169 87

• Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 1932
• Bonus Army, 1932

I do not believe that the power and duty of the
General Government ought to be extended to the
relief of individual sufferingThe lesson should
be constantly enforced that though the people
support the Government the Government should not
support the people. Herbert Hoover, 1930
4
Roosevelt Administration1933-1937
531

• FDR
• Eleanor Roosevelt

1932
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
D Franklin Roosevelt 22,809,638 472
R Herbert C. Hoover 15,758,901 59
S Norman Thomas 881,951 --

• Keynsian Economics
• Relief policies that eased the suffering caused
  by the Depression
• Recovery policies that intended to help the US
  get out of the Depression
• Reform policies that intended to keep us from
  going into another Great Depression

5
First Hundred Days
Try something, if it works, do it. If it
doesnt try something else, but above alltry
something. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Federal Emergency Banking Relief Act
• Glass-Steagall Act
• Federal Securities Act

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration
• Federal Housing Authority (FHA)

6
The New Deal
Throughout the nation men and women, forgotten
in the political philosophy of the Government,
look to us here for guidance and for more
equitable opportunity to share in the
distribution of national wealth... I pledge
myself to a new deal for the American people.
This is more than a political campaign. It is a
call to arms. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1932

• Public Works Administration (PWA)
• Lincoln Tunnel
• Grand Coulee Dam
• Key West Highway
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933
• National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933

7
Roosevelt Administration1937-1945
531

• Packing the Courts
• AAA and Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938
• Rural Electrification Administration, 1936
• Social Security Act, 1935

1936
D Franklin Roosevelt 27,752,869 523
R Alfred M. Landon 16,674,665 8
U William Lemke 882,479 --

• Works Projects Administration (WPA), 1935
• 650,000 miles of roads
• 78,000 bridges
• 125,000 buildings
• 700 miles of airport runway
• presented 225,000 concerts for 150 million
• commissioned almost 475,000 works of art

8
New Deal Critics

• Criticisms
• Supporters

• Father Coughlin
• Huey Kingfish Long

9
New Deal Coalition

• Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act, 1932
• John Lewis

• Wagner Act, 1935
• New Deal Coalition

10
FDRs Foreign Policy

• Isolationism
• Nye Committee
• Stimson Doctrine, 1931
• Appeasement

D Franklin Roosevelt 27,307,819 449
R Wendell L. Willkie 22,321,018 82

• London Economic Conference, 1933
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Reciprocal Trading Agreement Act, 1934

11
Neutrality
The epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading.
When an epidemic of physical disease starts to
spread, the community approves and joins in a
quarantine of the patients in order to protect
the health of the community against the spread of
disease . . . There must be positive endeavors to
preserve peace. --FDR, Quarantine Speech, 1937

• Ethiopian Invasion, 1935
• Neutrality Act, 1935
• Spanish Civil War, 1935-1939
• Neutrality Act, 1937

• Olympic Games in Berlin, 1936
• Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Axis, 1937
• Panay Incident, 1937

12
Appeasement

• Munich Agreement, 1938
• Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
• Poland, September 1939

• NAZI Germany
• Anschluss (March 1938)
• Sudetenland (September 1938)
• Kristallnacht, 1938

13
WWII in Europe

• Invasion of Western Europe (France)
• Battle of Britain, 1941
• Operation Barbarossa, May 1941

• Four Freedoms Speech, 1941
• America First Committee, 1940
• Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allie,
  1940

14
US Approaches WWII
A day that will live in infamy

• Cash and Carry, 1939
• Lend-Lease Act, 1940
• Destroyers-for-Bases, 1941

• Reuben James, 1941
• US Embargo
• Pearl Harbor, December 1941

15
American Homefront

• War Labor Board
• Smith-Connally Act, 1943
• Fair Employment Practices Commission
• Rosie the Riveter

• Office of War Mobilization
• War Production Board
• 40 billion bullets
• 300,000 aircraft
• 86,000 tanks
• 2.6 million machine guns
• 76,000 ships (one in 14 days)
• Office of Price Administration
• Office of War Information

16
American Homefront

• Zoot Suit Riots, 1943
• Executive Order 9066, 1942
• Korematsu vs. United States, 1944

• 442nd Regimental Combat Team
• Navajo Codetalkers
• Tuskegee Airmen

17
The War in Europe

• Germany First
• Operation Torch
• Casablanca Conference, 1943
• Teheran Conference, 1943
• Operation Overlord (D-Day), 1944

• Battle of the Bulge, 1944
• Yalta Conference, 1945
• V-E Day, May 8, 1945
• Potsdam Conference, 1945

18
The War in the Pacific
I shall return. --Gen. Douglas A. MacArthur

• Battle of Coral Sea, 1941
• Battle of Midway, 1942
• Leyte Gulf, 1944
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa, 1945

• Manhattan Project
• Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
• Nagasaki, August 9, 1945
• V-J Day, September 2, 1945

19
Total War

• Fire Bombing Tokyo, March 9-10, 1945
• Technological Innovations
• Aviation jet aircraft
• Weaponry atomic bomb, rocketry
• Communicationradar, sonar
• Medicinepenicillin, morphine, plasma
• Cost of War
• 62 millions casualties (400,000 American dead)
• 25 million military and 37 million civilian
• abt. 10 million in Holocaust (5 millions Jews)
• 70 of European industry destroyed
• 13 of US population served (16 million)

• Final Solution
• Medical Experimentation
• Rape of Nanking
• Industrial Bombing