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Introduction to Microbiology

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Title: Introduction to Microbiology


1
Introduction to Microbiology
2
objectives
  • Define microbiology
  • Describe the contributions of scientists to the
    conquest of disease
  • Identify basic health care procedures used to
    prevent and control disease

3
Microbiology
  • Study of microscopic (living ) things
  • E.g.
  • viruses, bacteria, algae, protists, fungi

4
History of Microbiology
  • 1590 First compound light microscope
    Zacharias Janssen

5
History
  • 1676 first observation of bacteria
    animalcules
  • Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

6
Spontaneous generation or abiogenesis
  • Life can suddenly or spontaneously arise from
    decomposing nonliving matter

7
  • Decaying meat gave rise to maggots
  • Sweat laden shirts stored with wheat in a dark
    area gave rise to mice
  • Hairs from horses tail when placed in water
    produced worms

8
Lazzaro spallananzani
  • Lazzaro spallanzani
  • Performed experiments to disprove the theory of
    spontaneous generation.
  • Conducted the boiled meat broth experiment in a
    sealed flask

9
History
  • 1796 First vaccine (smallpox)
  • Edward Jenner

10
History
  • 1857 Germ Theory of Disease Louis Pasteur

11
Oliver wendall holmes
  • Suggested that childbed fever a highly contagious
    disease, might be spread by the hands of doctors
    and nurses who went from one patient to another

12
Ignaz phillipp semmelweis obstetrician
  • Sometime later, noted death rates of patients
    being visited by physicians and medical students
    who had come from morgue or autopsy room were
    much higher

13
John Tyndall
  • Developed a method of killing heat resistant
    bacteria

14
History
  • 1867 Antiseptic Surgery
  • Joseph Lister

15
History
  • 1884 Kochs Postulates of Disease
    Transmission
  • Robert Koch

16
Golden age of bacteriology
  • Pasteur, lister, and Koch
  • Pasteur institute paris 1888
  • Germany infective disease institue Koch became
    professor

17
History
  • 1929 Discovery of Penicillin
  • (first antibiotic)
  • Alexander Fleming

18
History
  • 1938 First Electron Microscope
  • The electron microscope is capable of magnifying
    biological specimens up to one million times.
    These computer enhanced images of 1. smallpox, 2.
    herpes simplex, and 3. mumps are magnified,
    respectively, 150,000, 150,000 and 90,000 times.

19
History
  • 1953 Structure of DNA Revealed
  • Watson Crick

20
History
  • 1954 Polio Vaccine
  • Jonas Salk

21
CHICKEN POX
  • 1995
  • CONTRVERSIAL
  • Disease not serious enough to warrant vaccine
  • Effective about 10 years, child becoming adult
    and risk catching

22
Haemophilus influenza type B
  • Must part of all infant/children
  • 2,4,6 months
  • Causes meningitis, pneumonia, pericarditis,
    osteomyelitis
  • spread by respiratory secretions by direct person
    to person contact

23
hepatitis
  • A,B,C,D,E,F,G alphabet soup
  • Cure not on horizon
  • Good hygiene, education
  • Hep C stealth disease blood to blood contact

24
HIV/ Aids
  • Linked to several conditions
  • Karposis sarcoma
  • Pneumocystitis
  • Much research continues in the U.S and around the
    world

25
  • Karposis sarcoma a rare skin cancer

26
Emerging pathogens
  • Candida albicans
  • Coccidiodes immitis a soil fungus
  • Cryptospiridia
  • Tuberculosis

27
Preventing infections
  • Majority of microorganisms are harmless
  • Prevention and control of disease is the
    responsibility of every member of the health care
    team
  • Most important good handwashing!!!!!
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