The War of 1812

1
Goodbye, GW
2
Washingtons Farewell Address

• Stay away from factions
• Show disinterest in European affairs
• Set the two term precedent

3
Rise in Political Parties

• Although speaking against them earlier, both
  Madison and Hamilton organize factions
• Hamilton takes first steps
• Both the Federalists and the Jeffersonian
  Republicans formed

4
Election of 1796

• Adams (F) wins presidency
• Jefferson (R) elected VP
• Hamilton retired the previous year and took much
  support from the Federalists with him

5
1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4
Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 68 49.3
Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 30 21.7
Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9
Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0
George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican 7 5.1
Other - - 15 10.9
Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
6
Adams Presidency

• Often undercut (Hamilton, Jefferson)
• Troubled relations with France

7
XYZ Affair

• Adams sends delegates to France
• French demand a bribe before any negotiations
  take place
• J. Reps want copies of docs
• Adams turns them over with the names of X, Y, Z
  replacing agents
• Adams refuses to pay, popularity soars
• J.Rs hurt by incident

8
Quasi-War

• In response to the XYZ affair
• Undeclared naval war between US and France
• Tensions lowered as Britain defeats France

9
Alien and Sedition Acts

• Adams passes four laws that limited speech and
  writing anything that could be false or malicious
• Designed to silence the Jefferson Republicans
• Jefferson responds by having VA and KY pass
  resolutions that the states could nullify
  unconstitutional laws
• Resolutions later used for the succession of the
  Southern states

10
Tough Times

• Adams having difficult times
• Hamilton divides Federalists against him with his
  peace treaty with France
• Considered resigning and turning the government
  over to Jefferson

11
Election of 1800

• Adams Pinckney Federalists
• Jefferson Burr - Jeffersonian Republicans
• Adams carries NE states
• Jefferson carries S and W
• States follow party interests

12
1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 65 47.1
Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 64 46.4
John Jay New York Federalist 1 1 0.7

Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
13
1800 Election Results (Into the House of
Representatives!!) ? 1 vote for each State ?

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 10 10 62.5
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 4 4 25.0
Blank ------- 2 2 12.5
14
Revolution of 1800

• Because of system, electors split votes between
  Jefferson and Burr
• Accidentally receive same amount of votes
• Federalist controlled House tried making a deal
  with Burr he rejects
• Federalists give up and accept Jefferson
• 12th Amendment passed for separate votes for Pres
  and VP

15
The Economy
16
Major Port Cities

• Charleston
• Rice, cotton, indigo
• Baltimore
• tobacco
• Philadelphia
• Shipped farm produce
• New York
• Merchant headquarters
• Boston
• Shipbuilding, banking

17
American Economy in 1800

• Predominantly rural
• 94 people lived in communities of fewer than
  2,500 people
• Crops were grown for home use rather than for sale

18
Growth of American Trade

• French Revolution initiated war between Britain
  and France
• American merchants wanted to supply both sides
• Re-exported many goods to other European
  countries

19
Jefferson Presidency
20
Jefferson Takes Office

• Takes office more low key than Washington and
  Adams
• Peaceful transition from the Federalists to the
  Jeffersonian Republicans

21
Vision for the Nation

• Agrarian Republic
• Small family farms clustered together in
  communities
• Problems
• Slave trade grew
• Soil exhaustion
• Indians forced from lands

22
Promises

• Cut internal taxes
• Cut size of Army
• Cut size of Navy
• Reduce government staff
• Eliminate national debt
• All promises were kept!

23
Jeffersons Peeps

• Against pressure, Jefferson allowed many
  Federalists to keep their jobs
• Did not apply to the Midnight Judges

24
Marbury vs. Madison

• Jefferson refuses to give appointment to Marbury
• Marbury sues
• Chief Justice Marshall rules the judicial branch
  cannot force the executive to deliver the papers
• Judicial review established by Marshall

25
Louisiana Purchase

• In 1800, France secretly reacquired the LA
  territory
• Napoleon wants to use land to help cause in Haiti
• Haiti overthrows the French and Napoleon wants to
  sell
• Jefferson already in talks about buying New
  Orleans (up to 10 mil)
• Napoleon decides to sell entire territory for 15
  mil.

26
Effects of the Louisiana Purchase

• Jeffersons beliefs questioned Const. says
  nothing about buying land
• Size of US doubled
• Slavery increases
• Native Americans pushed off land

27
America's Second War for Independence?
28
Election of 1808
29
James Madison Becomes President
30
Dolly Madison