Warm-up

1
Warm-up

• Can you correct the following citations? Write
  your corrections down on a piece of paper.
• Huckleberry Finn, as the narrator of The
  Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, begins the novel
  by claiming that Mr. Mark Twain . . . told
  the truth, mainly. (Mark Twain, page 1, chapter
  1).
• Edna Pontelliers full understanding of her
  self-determinism is shown when she acknowledges
  that she doesnt want anything but my own way
  (Chopin 112).

2
Warm-up Citations

• Huckleberry Finn, as the narrator of The
  Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, begins the novel
  by claiming that Mr. Mark Twain . . . told
  the truth, mainly (Twain 1).
• Edna Pontelliers full understanding of her
  self-determinism is shown when she acknowledges
  that she doesnt want anything but my own way
  (Chopin 112).

3

• Persuasive Rhetoric and Argumentation

4
Pieces of an Effective Argument

• A Claim- a clear statement of a position on an
  issue (think thesis)
• Eating at McDonalds is unhealthy, and parents
  should not let their children eat there.
• Support- uphold the claim in the form of
  reasons and
  evidence that include three
  elements
• Grounds Evidence- Eating at McDonalds
• creates obesity.
• Warrant Assumption/Connection to evidence and
  your argument what makes it warranted/justified-
  All people who are obese have health issues.
• Backing Facts to back up the grounds- Because
  55 of American children are obese, healthcare
  costs have skyrocketed.

5
Pieces of an Effective Argument

• Counter Arguments- Presents, anticipates, and
  refutes opposing views shows why other opinions
  are wrong
• Some say that eating at fast food establishments
  in moderation does not lead to obesity, but the
  food itself is full of preservatives, fats, and
  additives which are unhealthy and lead to greater
  healthcare costs.
• Logic- A sound, logical argument and effective
  language
• Conclusion- sums up the reason and call for
  action
• As shown, fast food is a large contributor to the
  obesity problem in America the government must
  ensure the health of its citizens by outlawing
  unhealthy, fast food.

6

1. Identify the claim, grounds, warrant, and
   backing.
2. Claim People should smoke Lucky Strike
   Cigarettes.
3. Grounds Lucky Strike Cigarettes taste good.
4. Warrant All consumers want the best tasting
   products.
5. Backing Research done by The Research Laboratory
   of The American Tobacco Company and other
   independent research companies.

7
What is RHETORIC?
8
Persuasive Rhetoric Is.

• The art of using language to argue and convince
  others to adopt a position or act in a certain
  way.

9
Arguments generally use...

• Deductive Reasoning-
• -General to specific
• -Deduce (determine) conclusion from
• evidence provided
• Inductive Reasoning-
• -Specific to general
• -Infer a broader idea based on previous
• examples

10
(No Transcript)
11
3 Basic Persuasive Techniques

• Logos-
• Appeals to the Logic- Facts and data
• Pathos-
• Appeals to the Emotions
• Ethos-
• Appeals to Credibility of speaker or Moral
  character of audience

12
Logos- Is it Logical?

• The appeal to the BRAIN using LOGIC, FACTS, and
  DATA Information to support the persuasive claim.

13
Ethos- Is it credible?
Appealing to the values, moral standards, and
credibility of the person who is trying to gain
respect and trust from the audience.
14
Pathos- Is it Emotional?

• A majority of arguments in the popular press are
  heavily dependent on appealing to your emotions. 
   
•  

15
See if you can figure out the Appeal

• Gum
• http//youtu.be/xAVALXH9nxU
• Pepsi Commercial
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v40DykbPa4Lc
• Old Spice
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vowGykVbfgUE
• Sarah Mcglaughlin
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9gspElv1yvc
• McDonalds
• http//youtu.be/OtWRCIkFl00
• Dove Commercial
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?viYhCn0jf46U
• Cheerios
• http//youtu.be/aARf-XwDGFg?listPL-Oprv9fueW2lG-L
  taZbwe0WWkcncJTSU

16
Other Rhetorical Devices to Recall...

• Rhetorical question obvious answer
• Should we be judged on appearance or rather the
  content of our convictions?
• Antithesis Contrasting ideas are
  expressed in a grammatically
• balanced statement.
• Give me liberty or give me death
• Repetition Use of same word or
  phrase for emphasis
• Parallelism A pattern from line to line

17
Logical Fallacies

• Errors in Logical Thinking
• Circular Reasoning- Supporting the statement
  by repeating the
  statement in different words
• Non Sequitur- A conclusion that does not follow
  logically from the proof offered
  to support it
• Hasty Generalization- A conclusion drawn from
  too little evidence or from
  evidence that is biased
• Overgeneralization- Statement that is too broad
  (signal words all, none, everyone, etc.).
  Stereotypes fall into this category.
• False analogy- Trying to compare items/concepts
  that are too different or unlike in a significant
  way.
• See page R22 in your textbook if needed.

18
Logical Fallacies See page R22 in
textbook.

• Name Calling- Personal Attack
• False Cause- Thinking something is the cause of
  something else just because one event happened
  first.
• Either/Or- Giving only two options (Youre
  either with us or against us!)
• Evading the issue- Avoiding the arguments
  central point by presenting evidence that is not
  necessarily relevant.

19
Propaganda

• Is a form of communication aimed at influencing
  the attitude of the community toward some cause
  or position by presenting only one side of an
  argument.

20
Persuasive Appeals in Media

• Commercial advertising is one of the most
  powerfully persuasive forces in todays world!
• SoHow do they persuade you?
• Think of specific examples and what made them
  work.

21
Common propaganda techniques often used in
advertising

• Slogan
• Repetition
• Bandwagon
• Testimonial
• Emotional Appeal
• Expert Opinion

22
Slogan Can you hear me now?
A catchy phrase or statement often used to sell a
service or a product.
23
Bandwagon

• A statement suggesting that everyone is using a
  specific product, so you should too
• Persuading people to do something by letting them
  know others are doing it
• Gives impression that you will be left out if you
  dont do what ad is trying to persuade you to do
• Example See why so many women have switched?
  (Shampoo advertisement)

24
Why are these examples of Bandwagon?
25
Testimonial works because you feel like you
can trust the words of an expert or someone who
is famous.
26
Expert Opinion

• Ads using scientific sounding language to make a
  product seem more effective.
• Appeals to the audiences intellect
• Four out of five dentists recommend this
  toothpaste.
• Studies show that.

27
Quick Review 1

• Slogan
• Repetition
• Bandwagon
• Testimonial
• Expert Opinion

28
Quick Review 2

• What are the 3 main Persuasive Appeals?
• What are some Rhetorical Devices that we can look
  for in Persuasive speeches?
• List some fallacies
• What does a good argument need?

29
Death Row Argument

• Who is Roland Williamson? Who is Anthony Porter?
  Who is William Brennan?
• What claim is the ad making?
• What evidence do the ad-writers use to support
  their claim?
• What is the purpose of this ad? What, in other
  words, did the ad-writers hope to achieve?
• What are some possible objections or
  counterclaims that could be raised in responding
  to this ad? By whom might these objections and
  counterclaims be raised?
• Hypothesize whether or not the claim is effective
  for the intended audience and why it might be?

30
The Parking Ticket

• You work at Carolina Place Mall. Youre working
  very hard saving money for college. On January
  11, you went to work, despite a freak snow storm.
  You pulled into a parking spot, covered in snow.
  You return, 8 hours later to a melted parking lot
  only to discover your car has been towed. Upon
  investigation, you discover that the snow covered
  a handicapped parking spot with a picture and
  blue lines painted on the ground, but no sign.
  You paid 250.00 for the tow and have been given
  a 500 ticket.