ASSIGNMENT AN-522

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ASSIGNMENT AN-522

• M. SHEHZAD SARWAR
• 2006-ag-1003
• HAFIZ M. ABDULLAH
• 2006-ag-1221
• PRESENTED TO Dr. FAROOQ KHALID

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POULTRY FEED PROCESSING

• Referes to performing all the operations
  necessary to achieve the maximum potential,
  nutritional value and net return of a feed stuff.
• Processing involves physical and chemical changes

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PHYSICAL CHANGES

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Moisture

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CHEMICAL CHANGES

• Structural changes
• Changes in starch structure
• Increases digestibility

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PURPOSE OF PROCESSING

• More profit
• Alter particle size
• Change moisture content
• Change density of feed
• Change acceptability (pelatability)
• Change in nutrient content (iron increases)

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• More availability of nutrients
• Detoxification of nutrients
• Improve keeping quality

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GRAIN PROCESSING METHODS

• Mechanical alterations
• Heat treatment
• Moisture alterations

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MECHANICAL ALTERATIONS

• Dehulling
• Extruding
• Grinding
• Mixing
• Rolling (Dry rolling or cracking, stream rolling
  or crimping)

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DEHULLING

• Removing the outer coat of grain, nutt
• High fiber content which donot require to poultry
• Dehulling is done in soybean in cotton seed pea
  nutts and sunflower (all oil seeds)

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EXTRUDING

• A process by which feed is pressed, pushed or
  protruded through pressure
• Forcing the ingredients by steal tube
• Then pushed in a cone shaped holes

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GRINDING

• Process by which feed stuff is reduced in
  particle size by grinder
• Change digestibility of cellulose and protein
• Done by hammer mill
• Screening
• End product is mash or meal

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ROLLING

• To give feed a flat particle
• By passing feed b/w rollers
• Dry rolling (crushing) without steam
• Steam rolling (crimping) steam rolling 1-8 mins

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HEAT TREATMENT

• Dry heat processing
• Micronizing
• Popping
• Roasting

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MICRONIZING

• Microwaves emitted from infra-red burner _at_ 300 Fo
• By gas fired infra-red generators
• Micronized grain are not popped
• It reduces to about 7 moisture
• Then rolled to produce a uniform stable dry free
  flowing product
• Specially done for sorghum

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POPPING

• Exploding are puffing out of grains resulting
  from rapid application of dry heat
• Principle is super hot dry heat _at_ 300-310 F with
  15-20 moisture for 15-120 sec

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PURPOSE OF POPPING

• Increase digestibility
• Disruption of starch granules
• More palatability
• Low cost then steam flaking

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ROASTING

• Simple heating

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MOIST HEAT PROCESSING

• Cooking
• Exploding
• Flaking
• Steam flaking
• Pelleting
• Crumbling

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• COOKING
• Applying heat about 300 F
• EXPLODING
• Steaming of grain under pressure
• FLAKING
• Application of steam on feed for longer time
  under pressure

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• Pleasant aroma resembling to cooked cereals
• Starch readily available

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• STEAM FLAKING
• Steam 15-30 mins, under pressure _at_ 50 Psi for 1-2
  mins
• With temperature 200-300 F

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• PELLETING
• Is the agglomeration of feed by compacting and
  forcing it through die openings under high
  pressure by mechanical process
• CRUMBLING
• Crushing of pellets
• PACKING

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Feed Hammer mill

• The feed hammer crusher (feed hammermill) crushes
  by the collisions between high-speed hammer and
  materiasl, and the hammer crusher (feed
  hammermills) features in its simple structure,
  high reduction ration, high efficiency, etc.

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Feed Mixer

• The vertical mixer consists of one or more
  vertical screws which elevate the ingredients to
  the top of the mixer where they fall by gravity
  to the bottom, to be mixed and re-elevated.
• Horizontal mixers consist of a series of paddles
  or metal ribbon blades mounted on a horizontal
  rotor within a semi-circular trough.

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Pellet Cooler

• Coolers/dryers are of two basic types, horizontal
  and vertical.
• In the horizontal type of cooler/dryer, the
  pellets are conveyed on a perforated steel mesh
  or moving belt through which a cooling air stream
  is passed.
• In the vertical type of dryer, pellets usually
  fall by gravity into a chamber through which air
  is sucked by a fan.

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Pellet Crusher

• A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially
  designed for breaking up pellets into smaller
  particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two
  corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier
  exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the
  crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or
  they can by-pass it.

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Pellet Extruder

• Feeds which have ingredients such as soybean meal
  and cereal grains can be made more digestable,
  and the nutrients are therefore more available.
  Floating feeds are made using extruders along
  with highly water-stable sinking feeds which can
  be made with extruders as well. In some cases,
  extruders are used just to prepare feed
  materials, such as dry extrusion of soybeans.

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Pellet Sifter

• The sifter (See picture below) is a means of
  ensuring a good quality product with the right
  particle size and a low level of fines, which are
  wasteful to feed.

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Pellet Packing Machine

• For larger scale operations feed will either be
  bulk transport, loading directly onto trucks or
  ships or it will be packed into bags. Packaging
  systems are available in both manual and
  automatic form. For the manual system, the feed
  is deposited into bags positioned on a weighing
  scale, release is done upon a manual gate.

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Pellet Crusher

• A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially
  designed for breaking up pellets into smaller
  particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two
  corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier
  exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the
  crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or
  they can by-pass it.

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Feed Conveyor
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THANKS