Interdependence%20

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Interdependence Interaction

• In Living Systems

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Systems

• Any group of parts that work together
• as a unit.

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Organization of the Human Body

• Cells 1st level of organization the basic unit
  of structure and function
• Tissues a group of cells that perform that same
  function
• Types Muscle, Connective, Nerve, Epithelial
• Organs a group of tissues that perform a
  specific function
• Organ systems a group of organs that work
  together to perform a specific function

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Interactions within the human body

• 11 Systems of the Human Body

Nervous Cardiovascular Digestive Respiratory Mu
scular Skeletal Endocrine Excretory Immune
Integumentary Reproductive
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Nervous

• obtains and processes information from the bodys
  internal and external environment
• directs most body functions
• main components brain, spinal cord, nerves

Dendrite
Axon
Cell Body
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Cardiovascular

• Circulatory
• transports needed materials to body cells
• removes wastes
• main components heart, arteries, veins

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Digestive

• breaks down food and absorbs the broken-down
  materials
• main components
• liver
• Stomach
• gall bladder
• small intestine

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Respiratory

• gets oxygen into the body
• removes carbon dioxide
• main components trachea or windpipe, lungs,
  diaphragm

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Muscular Skeletal

• Muscular enables the body to move
• Smooth involuntary (digestive tract)
• Striated voluntary (movement)
• Cardio involuntary (heart)
• Skeletal supports and protects the body
• Work together to enable movement

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Endocrine

• produces chemicals called hormones that help
  control many body processes
• main components glands and stomach, pancreas
  (insulin), and kidneys that produce hormones

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Excretory

• removes wastes
• helps regulate water in the body
• main components kidney and large intestine

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Immune

• fights disease
• main components liver, lymph nodes, blood,
  thymus
• Lymphocytes- white blood cells

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Integumentary

• Skin protects the body
• keeps water inside
• helps sense the external environment

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Reproductive

• creates offspring
• determines male and female characteristics
• main components ovaries, testes

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Review

• What is the largest organ in the human body?
• Skin
• What type of muscle is the heart made out of?
• Cardiac
• Where does the process of digestion begin?
• In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
• What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move
  air called?
• Diaphragm

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Interactions Interdependence

• Interactions organ systems work together to do a
  specific job
• Interdependence organ systems depend on each
  other and cannot work alone

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Interactions Transporting Oxygen

• Respiratory delivery of oxygen and removal of
  carbon dioxide
• Trachea tube connecting to the lungs
• Alveoli round sacs in the lung
• Moves oxygen from air to blood
• Moves carbon dioxide from blood to air

http//www.shands.org/health/graphics/images/en/98
28.jpg

• Cardiovascular carries oxygen from lungs to
  blood stream
• Muscular enables air to enter lungs
• Diaphragm dome shape muscle

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Transporting Oxygen
RESPIRATION
BREATHING
physical
chemical
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Interactions in digesting food

• Digestive breaks down food into simpler
  substances to be used by body cells
• Mouth and stomach begins to break down food
• Small intestine completes the breakdown of food
  and absorbs the nutrients (absorbs through villi)
• Large intestine undigested food passes out of
  the body as waste

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Interactions in digesting food

• Muscular
• move jaws
• to breakdown food
• Peristalsis- involuntary movement of smooth
  muscles in the digestive tract
• Enables you to swallow food
• Within the stomach food is churned and
  squeezed, broken down into smaller particles

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Interactions in digesting food

• Cardiovascular carries nutrients absorbed
  through the small intestine to the blood
• Nutrients are carried throughout the body.

http//www.glogster.com/media/2/4/8/51/4085115.jpg
small intestine magnified
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Movements Muscles, Bones, Nerves

• Muscular produce movement by contracting or
  shortening (voluntary striated muscles)
• Skeletal muscles attached to bones move your
  body
• Nervous involved in movement. Brain and nerves
  direct muscles to contract.
• Cardiovascular circulates oxygen and food to
  cells
• Respiratory brings oxygen into body, removes
  carbon dioxide
• Digestive processes food for delivery to cells

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Review

• Which organ systems interact to transport oxygen?
  (3)
• Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
• Which organ systems work together to get
  nutrients to cells? (3)
• Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
• Which systems allow us to move? (6)
• Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
  respiratory, digestive

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Equilibrium and Feedback

• Stability of Living Systems
• Equilibrium balance stable all parts function
  smoothly
• Homeostasis process by which the bodys
  internal environment is kept stable in spite of
  changes in the external environment (body
  balance)
• Negative Feedback
• One way in which living systems maintain internal
  equilibrium or homeostasis

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Keeping Body Temperature Constant

• Stay cool sweating. When you become warm, you
  perspire. Heat comes from the body out through
  your sweat
• Shivering muscles in your body contract. This
  requires energy which generates heat to make the
  body warm.

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Maintaining Glucose Levels in the Blood

• Energy comes from the breakdown of the sugar
  glucose. Glucose comes from the food you eat.
  After glucose is absorbed by the digestive
  system, blood transports the glucose and delivers
  it to cells.
• Chemical reactions regulates the level of
  glucose in the blood
• Hormone a chemical produced by an endocrine
  gland that affects the activity of a tissue or
  organ
• Insulin a hormone that helps regulate glucose
  levels
• Produced in the pancreas

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Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants Cells

• Diffusion a process where substances move back
  and forth through the cell membrane
• Cell membrane a thin, flexible structure
• Movement of water in cells
• Osmosis the diffusion of water molecules
  through a selectively permeable membrane.
• (Selectively permeable allows some things
  through, but not all. An example is a cell
  membrane.)
• The concentration of water molecules in and out
  of the cell helps determine whether water enters
  or leaves a cell.

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Turgor Pressure

• Turgor pressure the pressure of water against
  the cell wall of a plant cell
• Gives shape and firmness to plant stems and
  leaves
• Maintains water balance
• Negative feedback in turgor pressure
• Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from
  entering the plant.
• An increase in turgor pressure decreases the
  movement of water molecules into the cell.
• An increase in water molecules entering the cell
  eventually causes fewer water molecules to move
  into the cell.

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Water Equilibrium in Animals

• Thirsty animal drinks
• Kidneys
• remove wastes
• adjust amount of water in your blood by changing
  the concentration of water in the urine they
  produce

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Review

• What does equilibrium mean?
• Balance
• Where is insulin produced?
• Pancreas
• What does insulin regulate
• Glucose levels (blood sugar)
• What type of pressure gives shape and firmness to
  plants?
• turgor

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Created by C. Milton, CMS Science

• Credits
• Text CSCOPE
• Images
• Microsoft Clipart
• DK Clipart
• Other images where cited