Review Time!!!!

1
Review Time!!!!

• Unit 2

2

• Name several ways geography affected Greece
• Mountains kept them isolated into independent
  city states made travel and transportation
  difficult
• Poor farmland had to trade for food, limited
  the population
• Surrounded by sea travel, transportation, trade
• Moderate climate outdoor life politics,
  sports, civic duty

3

• What early group built fortified walls on the
  hills of Greece?
• Mycenaeans
• What war was fought by the Mycenaeans over the
  kidnapping of the Kings wife?
• Trojan War
• Who wrote about this war?
• Homer
• What were his stories entitled?
• The Iliad and The Odyssey

4

• What are these long tales of heroic deeds called?
• Epics
• What group ruled Greece from approximately 1200
  BCE to 800 BCE and failed to advance?
• Dorians
• What do we call this period?
• The Dark Ages

5

• Traditional stories about the gods were called
  what?
• Myths
• What does the word polis mean?
• City State
• What is a city state?
• Independent city with own govt, customs, etc.
  Not part of a unified nation
• Government run by a king is called
• Monarchy

6

• A fortified hilltop was called
• Acropolis
• What happened at these places?
• Meetings, government, discussions, temples
• A government ruled by a small group of wealthy
  individuals
• Aristocracy
• Government by the few
• Oligarchy

7

• Government by the people
• Democracy
• What kind of democracy did the Greeks have?
• Direct
• What kind of government do we have?
• Representative
• Leaders who took over aristocratic leaders with
  the support of the people were
• Tyrants

8

• Who developed a harsh code of Greek law?
• Draco
• Who outlawed debt slavery and imprisonment?
• Solon
• Who increased the number of people who could
  participate in government?
• Cleisthenes

9

• What was the role of Athenian women?
• Raise family, tend to the home, etc.
• Peasants who were forced into slavery by the
  Spartans were called
• Helots
• Spartan boys left home for military training at
  age
• 7
• At what age did they become official soldiers?
• 20

10

• At what age did Spartan soldiers retire?
• 60
• What was the role of Spartan women?
• Strong, physically fit to bear children and
  defend Sparta
• What was in Spartan soup?
• Pork boiled in animal blood, vinegar, salt ?

11

• Greek foot soldiers were called
• Hoplites
• A powerful infantry formation where soldiers
  stood shoulder to shoulder was the
• Phalanx
• The first battle of the Persian war was at
• Marathon
• Who won this battle?
• Greeks

12

• Who was Pheidippedes?
• Runner who ran 26 miles to tell Athens of the
  victory
• Who was the Persian leader at this battle?
• Darius
• Who was his son who sought revenge on the Greeks
  at Thermopylae?
• Xerxes

13

• What happened at Thermopylae?
• Mountain pass defended by 6,000 Greeks (300
  Spartans) Greeks betrayed, Persians won, all
  Spartans died Athens burned
• At what naval battle did the Greeks defeat the
  Persians?
• Salamis
• What was the final battle of the Persian War?
• Plataea

14

• What defensive league was formed by the Greek
  city states following the Persian War?
• Delian
• Who dominated this league?
• Athens
• What period of history was ushered in following
  the defeat of Persia?
• Golden Age

15

• Who was the Greek leader during the Golden Age?
• Pericles
• What did Pericles do for Athens?
• Strengthened democracy, improved the navy,
  allowed more people to participate in government
• What was the Assembly?
• Voting Greek citizens (adult, male)

16

• What were some notable Greek accomplishments
  during the Golden Age?
• Philosophy, Art, Theatre, Sculpture, Science,
  Math, Architecture
• What philosopher was convicted of corrupting the
  minds of youth?
• Socrates
• Who was his most famous student?
• Plato
• What school did he establish?
• The Academy

17

• Where were Greek plays performed?
• Amphitheatres
• What were the two types of Greek plays?
• Tragedy and Comedy
• What do we call this period of World history?
• Classical
• Who was the father of history?
• Herodotus
• What historian based his writings on factual
  information?
• Thucydides

18

• What war occurred between Sparta and Athens?
• Peloponnesian
• What disaster struck Athens during this war?
• Plague
• What does philosophy mean?
• Love of wisdom

19

• What philosopher was the tutor of Alexander the
  Great?
• Aristotle
• Why were these philosophers ahead of their time?
• Promoted free thought, higher level thinking,
  examining oneself, questioning the world
• What was the Socratic method?
• Teaching by asking questions

20

• What famous temple housed the ancient statue of
  Athena?
• Parthenon
• What kingdom to the north of Greece eventually
  conquered it?
• Macedonia
• Who was the leader who took over most of Greece?
• Phillip II

21

• Who was Phillips famous son?
• Alexander the Great
• What great empire did Alexander defeat?
• Persian
• How far east did Alexanders empire extend?
• Indus Valley
• How long did Alexander remain in power?
• 12 years (age 20 - 32)

22

• The blending of Greek and Middle Eastern culture
  was called
• Hellenistic
• Blending of cultures is called
• Cultural diffusion
• What achievements were made during this period?
• Literature, architecture, art, science, math,
  astronomy, physics, philosophy

23

• What was the most important Hellenistic city?
• Alexandria, Egypt
• Whose work is the basis of modern geometry?
• Euclid
• Who developed the idea of pi and worked with
  levers and pulleys?
• Archimedes

24

• Who wrote Greek comedies?
• Aristophanes
• What philosophy believed in the pursuit of
  pleasure and happiness in life?
• Epicureanism
• What philosophy focused on bearing the burdens of
  life with strength?
• Stoicism
• When were the first Olympics held?
• 776 BCE

25
ROME

• Who were the legendary founders of Rome?
• Romulus and Remus
• Who raised them?
• A wolf
• When was Rome founded?
• 753 BC
• On what river was Rome built?
• Tiber

26

• What mountain range runs down the center of
  Italy?
• Apennine
• What type of government was established in Rome?
• Republic
• Italy is what type of land mass?
• Peninsula

27

• What were the wealthy members of Rome called?
• Patricians
• What were the lower class members called?
• Plebeians
• What group controlled northern Italy?
• Etruscans

28

• When was the Roman Republic founded?
• 509 BCE
• What is a Republic?
• Government run by elected officials
• What were the 300 members of government who made
  laws called?
• Senators
• What were the 2 rulers of Rome called?
• Consuls

29

• How long did consuls serve in office?
• 1 year
• What government body was created to represent the
  plebeians?
• Council of Plebes
• What was the name of the written code of law
  developed by the plebeians?
• Twelve Tables, 451 BCE

30

• What was the Roman army called?
• Roman Legion (Legionnaires)
• Who would rule Rome during times of war?
• A dictator
• What series of wars began in 264 BCE?
• Punic Wars
• These were wars between Rome and
• Carthage (Phoenician colony in N. Africa)

31

• How many wars were fought?
• 3
• Who led an army with elephants through Spain
  through Europe to try to conquer Italy?
• Hannibal
• What resulted from this?
• Scipio attacked Carthage (Zama) and Hannibal was
  forced to return (and retreat from Italy)

32

• When Carthage was finally defeated in the 3rd
  war, what happened to its inhabitants?
• All 50,000 sold into slavery
• What was the importance of the Punic Wars?
• Greatly increased the size of the Roman Republic
  dominant in the Mediterranean

33

• Which brothers tried to make reforms in Rome and
  were both murdered?
• Gracchus
• Caesar, Pompey and Crassus formed an alliance
  called the
• First Triumvirate
• What reforms did Caesar institute?
• Granted citizenship to many people in provinces,
  expanded the Senate, helped create jobs through
  new public works projects, increased pay for
  soldiers

34

• The first Roman Emperor was
• Augustus (Octavian)
• The 200 year period of peace in Rome was called
  the
• Pax Romana
• What VALUES did the Romans possess?
• Loyalty, duty, discipline, usefulness,
  practicality, strength

35

• Roman gladiator fights occurred at the
• Colosseum
• What new religion developed during the days of
  the early Roman empire?
• Christianity
• What ideas did Jesus emphasize in his teachings?
• Forgiveness, love, charity, kindness, love of
  god, neighbors, etc.
• Why was Jesus crucified?
• Roman leaders concerned that he posed a threat,
  wouldnt pray to Roman leaders, upset Jewish
  leaders

36

• What were some reasons why Christianity became
  more popular?
• Offered salvation, hope, based on love, kindness,
  all could be members, just needed faith, rich and
  poor alike welcomed, eternal life
• Who was the first Christian Roman emperor?
• Constantine
• Who split the Roman empire?
• Diocletian

37

• What were some of the barbaric tribes that
  invaded Rome?
• Huns, Goths, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals,
  Ostragoths
• When did the Roman empire officially fall?
• 476 AD
• What was the capital of the eastern part of the
  empire that lived on?
• Constantinople (Asia Minor)

38
EVERYONE

• Name several reasons for the decline of Rome
• Inflation, loss of loyalty, mercenaries, lack of
  gold and silver, land depleted affected
  harvests, unemployment, decline of discipline and
  morale, empire too large, gap between rich and
  poor, inflation, loss of patriotism, invasions,
  disruption of trade, tax burden, little money for
  defense, moving capital to Byzantium
  (Constantinople), division of empire, civil war
  and unrest