Storage and Retrieval

1
Storage and Retrieval

• Modules 25-26

2
Storage

• Part 1

3
Sensory Memory

• Raw, unprocessed information
• Sight, touch, smell, sound, taste

4
Purpose of Sensory Memory

• Stimuli Changes
• Selection for further processing
• Integrates sensory fragments into perception

5
DEMO ICONIC/ECHOIC MEMORY
6
DEMO PERCEPTION and SENSORY MEMORY
7
Short Term Memory
Sensory Memory
STM
Long Term Memory
8
Magical Number 7 /- 2

• Listen carefully and write each series of digits
  on a scrap piece of paper after I finish reciting
  them.

9
Results?

• Should have been about 7 digits.
• May have been slightly higher because recall for
  random digits is better than random letters.
• Why might that be?

10
Long Term Memory

• Space is limitless.
• Genetic?
• Eidetic Memory Article
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSoxsMMV538U

11
Storing Memories

• Very complex system
• MEMORIES DO NOT RESIDE IN SINGLE SPOTS-
  Equipotentiality
• Biological Basis

12
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Neuron (Nerve Cell)

13
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Synaptic Junction

A
B
B
A
14
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vGMehTI6DPYIfeature
  related
• Long-Term Potentiation Strengthened neural
  firing, creating more permanent pathways for
  memory.
• When neurons fire together, they wire
  together.

15
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Billions of Connections

16
Consolidation and Reconsolidation

• Neural connections that support memory become
  stronger- Medial Temporal Lobes
• Library Book Analogy
• Every time a memory is retrieved and
  reconsolidated, it changes slightly

17
Memory Organized
18
Prospective Memory

• Remembering to do something at some future time

19
Implicit, Explicit, or Prospective?Episodic or
Semantic?

• 1. Walking (for an adult)
• 2. The value of pi to six decimal places
• 3. Writing a computer program
• 4. The fact that working memory is brief
• 5. The fact that you need to drive your sister
  home from school
• 6.The fact that the smell of eggs makes you sick
  and you dont know why

20
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Hippocampus
• - Processes Explicit Memories
• - Transfers to other areas for storage
• -Works with frontal lobe- thinking area

21
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Cerebellum
• - Stores implicit memories
• -Right above spinal cord
• - Evolutionarily/Developmentally older

22
Neurobiological Basis of Memory

• Amygdala
• - Processes emotional memories
• - Plays a role in stress/fear conditioning
• - Strengthens these memories

23
Dual Implicit/Explicit System

• Infantile Amnesia
• - Learn most reactions/skills during first three
  years, but we have no explicit memory of these
  events.

24
Focus on Childhood in Therapy

• This dual system might explain why therapists
  spent many years investigation the influence of
  childhood experiences
• Permanent effects may be a result of implicit
  memory, not explicit.

25
Retrieval

• Part 2

26
Recall vs. Recognition

• Seven Dwarfs List vs. No List
• Recall
• 1. Must List Information/Options
• 2. Eliminate Wrong Choices
• Recognition Only Eliminate Wrong Choices

27
Priming

• How mnemonics work
• The word element might trigger the following

28
Context Effects Memory

• Situational similarity helps memory
• Scuba experiment
• Déjà vu

29
Mood-Congruent Theory
30
Question

• How might the mood-congruent theory explain the
  human experience of good vs. bad days?
• Karma?