1. Obtaining and digesting of food

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TOPICS
1. Obtaining and digesting of food
(Digestive system) 2. Gas exchange breathing
system (Respiratory system) 3. Internal
transport (Circulatory system) 4. Immune
system 5. The control of internal environment 6.
Chemical control (Endocrine system) 7.
Nervous system and the sense 8. Animal locomotion
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6. CHEMICAL CONTROL (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)
?????????? (endocrine gland) ???????
????????????????????????????????? ???????
extracellular fluid ????????? ????? ?????????(exo
crine gland) ???????????? ???????????????????????
???????? ???????
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??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
???(endocrine cell) ??????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? chemical control ???????????????????????????
???? chemical messenger ???? molecular messenger
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Chemical messenger????molecular messenger
???????? 5 ??????????
1. Paracrine (local regulator) 2.
Neurotransmitter 3. Neurohormone 4. Hormone 5.
Pheromone
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????????????????????????????????????? 4 ???? ???
1. ???????????????????????? (Polypeptide
hormone) 2. ????????????????? (Steroid
hormone) 3. ???????????? (Amine
hormone) 4.??????????????? (Fatty acid hormone)
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??????????????????chemical messenger ??????????
-???????????????????????????????????(receptor)
??????????????????????????????? ??????????????
???????????????????? 1.????????????? (a
???bc) 2.??????????????????????? ???????
(b???c)
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????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 2
???
1.??????????????????????????????(cell membrane
receptor)??????????????????????????
??????????????????? ??????????????? ????
????????????? ????????????????????? ??????
(signal pathway) ???? second messenger ??????? 2
???
1.1cyclic AMP
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1.2 Ca2???inositol triphosphate (IP3)
enzymephospholipase C PIP2phosphatidylinositol
biphosphate IP3inositol triphosphate DAGdiacylgl
ycerol
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2.???????????????????????????? ???????????????????
????????????????????????? ????
?????????????????, ??????????????, Vitamin D3, NO
-???????????????????????? ?????????????
-???????????????????????? (hormone-receptor
complex) ??????????????? transcription factor
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????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????
???????????? negative feedback
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????????? homeostasis ?????????????? PTH ???
Calcitonin
?????????????????????(antagonistic) ?????????? 2
????
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???????????????????????????????????????
1.Brain hormone(BH) ???????? neurosecretory cells
????????????corpus cardiacum
2.BH???????prothoracic gl. ???????????????
ecdysone
4.Juvenile hormone(JH) ????????corpus allatum
?????????????? metamorphosis ????? JH
????????????????????????????????????
3.ecdysone ?????????????????
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????????????????????????????????????(??)
-?????????????????????????? ??????? 9 ????
-Tropic hormones ???????????????????
????????????????????? ????????????????? ?
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?????????????????????????????????????????????????
(?????????????????????????)
-?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ??????????
-???????????(neurosecretory cell)
????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
??????? ???? ??????????????(releasing homrone)
??????????(inhibiting hormone)
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???????????????????(anterior pituitary gland or
adenohypophysis)
-??????????????????????????????????? ????????
releasing/inhibiting ???????????????? portal
vessel
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???????????????????(Posterior pituitary gland or
neurohypophysis)
-????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
???????????????????? ????? -??????????????????
?? ???? axon ???????????? ???????????????
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??????? (pancreas)
-?????????????????endocrine gland (islets of
Langerhans) ??? exocrine gland(????????????) -Is
let of Langerhans ?????????? alpha cells(?????
glucagon) ??? beta cells (????? insulin)
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-insulin ??? glucagon ?????????????????????(antago
nistic) insulin ????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????
(???????????????), ???????????????????????,
????????????????????????????????????????????????
glucagon ???????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????? Diabetes
mellitus (??????????) ????????????????????????????
????????? (?????? 90mg/100ml)
?????????????????????????? insulin
??????????????????????????????insulin
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?????????? (adrenal gland)
-mineralocorticoid ????????????????????????? ????
aldosterone ?????????????????????????Na??????????
????
-??????????????????????????????????
autonomic nervous system (sympathetic)
-?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? fatty acid????????????? -?
??????cardiovascular??? respiratory system
-glucocorticoid ?????????????????????????????
noncarbohydrate source ?????????????
-?????????????????? 2 ??????? adrenal
cortex(???????)???adrenal medulla(???????)
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??????????? (Thyroid gland)
-???????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ??
?????????????????? -????????????
triiodothyronine (T3) ??? thyroxine
(T4) -??????????????? ??????????????????? -?????
???????????? TSH
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