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CO2 capture and storage from an environmental
perspective Eivind Hoff Bellona Europa 9
February 2009

• \\felles\malfiler\powerpoint\forsider.ppt

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CCS from environmental perspective

• Contents
• The role for CCS in combating climate change
• Norwegian experience
• How do we deploy CCS?

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CCS from environmental perspective

• Contents
• The role for CCS in combating climate change
• Norwegian experience
• How do we deploy CCS?

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CCS from environmental perspective

The proper role for CCS (I) Bridge to the
renewable economy
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CCS from environmental perspective
The proper role for CCS (II) Absorbing CO2 from
the air
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Foredrag og dato 00.00.00
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CCS from environmental perspective

• Contents
• The role for CCS in combating climate change
• Norwegian experience
• How do we deploy CCS?

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CCS from environmental perspective

• Sleipner
• Since 1996, 1 million tonnes CO2/year stored from
  gas field
• CO2 behaves according to models

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CCS from environmental perspective

• The Norwegian Apollo project
• Fossil-fuel fired power plants without CCS banned
  in practice
• Gassnova State-owned public limited company
• Test Centre Mongstad 80 Gassnova (will try
  dilute), 20 StatoilHydro
• New gas plant 280MW power350MW heat, 1.8mt CO2
• Existing oil refinery (gas from cracker coal
  flue gas)
• Kårstø (gas power 420MW, 1.2mt CO2) 100
  Gassnova
• Full capture and storage by 2014
• Both state aid schemes accepted by EFTA
  Surveillance Authority
• Norwegian recovery package Funding for Gassnova
  increased

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CCS from environmental perspective

• Contents
• The role for CCS in combating climate change
• Norwegian experience
• How do we deploy CCS?

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CCS from environmental perspective

• How do we deploy CCS?
• Regulation of storage (done)
• Make CCS commercially viable (not done)

?
10-12 plants
100 plants
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CCS from environmental perspective

• EU emission allowance price volatility

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CCS from environmental perspective

• Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) not enough
• Lord Adair Turner (Chairman of the UKs
  Committtee on Climate Change) We have to almost
  totally decarbonise the power sector by 2030,
  well before 2050.
• 1 Dec report of the Committee EU ETS needs to be
  'buttressed' by other policies and measures
  because there is a risk the ETS alone will not
  ensure coal is abated.
• A policy is needed now that guarantees all coal
  plants ('new' and 'old') have either full CCS in
  the early 2020s (by the latest 2025) or are
  closed.
• What will be UK government response?
• What about Hunterston?

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CCS from environmental perspective

• A regulatory roadmap to ban fossil fuel power
  generation without CCS
• Emission limit values for SO2 (acid rain) have
  massively reduced pollution
• California introduced 2007 an emission
  performance standard equivalent to max 498g CO2
  per kWh generated
• 500g/kWh supported by EP environment committee 7
  October 2008
• Supported by Netherlands and Denmark in Council
• New directive for industrial emissions (IPPC
  Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)
  why not emission limit value for our most
  dangerous pollutant?
• Roadmap needed towards 150g CO2 per kWh
• New permits must contain clause on respecting an
  emission limit value (cf US Climate Action
  Partnership) at a given date in future

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CCS from environmental perspective
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EUs klima- og energipakke

• Thank you for your attention!
• eivind_at_bellona.org

www.bellona.org/ccs