MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, and LATINO COMMUNITIES

1
MIGRATION, PUBLIC POLICY, andLATINO COMMUNITIES
2
REVISED SCHEDULE

• February 2 Drug Trafficking
• Talons, ch. 8
• DFC, chs. 2 and 9 (Mexico and Colombia)
• February 9 Migration
• Talons, ch. 8 again
• DFC, chs. 4-5 (Central America Caribbean)
• CR 6 (ExMex)
• February 16 Mexicos War on Drugs
• CR 5 (DTOs in Mexico)
• February 23 War on Terror
• Talons, ch.10
• DFC, chs. 1, 3
• March 02 Opportunity for Latin America
• Talons, ch. 10-11
• DFC, chs. 6-8, 11
• March 09 Obama and Latin America
• Talons, chs. 11-12 Conclusion
• CR 7 (Obama and the Americas)

3
I. PATTERNS OF MIGRATION

• INTRODUCTION
• THE NUMBERS GAME(S)
• Flows
• Stocks
• Proportions
• Costs and benefits
• Rates of assimilation

4
READING

• Smith, Talons, ch. 8 again
• Dominguez and Fernandez de Castro, chapters 2, 4,
  5 (Mexico, Central America, Caribbean)
• Jorge Castañeda, ExMex From Migrants to
  Immigrants, ch. 8 (Course Reader 6)

5

• EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES
• Ethnicity vs. melting pots
• Diversity vs. tradition
• Fairness vs. efficiency
• NAFTA AND MEXICAN MIGRATION
• Claims and expectations
• Preliminary realities
• Hypotheses and prognostications

6
NUMERICAL DIMENSIONS

• 12 million illegal immigrants in U.S.
• 55-60 from Mexico
• 25 of Mexicos able-bodied male workforce now in
  U.S.
• U.S.-Mexican wage ratio 81 or 101

7
Mexican-Origin Population in United States,
1900-2003
Mx-born (9.9)
8
Regional Origin of Mexican Migrants
9
Geographical Concentration of Mexican Migrants
10
Remittances to Mexico, 1990-2003
11
(No Transcript)
12


13
BORDER PATROL AGENTS
14
EFFECTS 0F BORDER ENFORCEMENT

• 1. Shifting routes (toward Arizona)
• 2. Increased use of polleros (smugglers)
• 3. Reduced circularity (more permanent stays)
• 4. More women and families
• 5. Increased loss of life

15

• Deaths at the Border
• 2001 528
• 2002 470
• 2003 478
• 2004 460
• 2005 gt 500

16
(No Transcript)
17

• PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS
• Economic threat?
• September 2000 38 agreed
• March 2006 52
• Cultural threat?
• Societal threat?

18
(No Transcript)
19
MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS

• Context joblessness everywhere
• New entries down (not due to border enforcement,
  since 95 of migrants without papers get through)
• Return migration stable (despite concern in
  Mexico about major increase)
• Within USA, unemployment among Latino men gt Anglo
  men

20

• THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE
• LEGAL MIGRATION
• Revise legal quotas
• Revise criteria for entry
• THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE
• ILLEGAL MIGRATION
• Strategies for restriction
• Building fences
• Blocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper)
• Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop
  187)
• Punishing employers

21

• Strategies for opening
• Augmenting quotas
• Guest-worker programs
• Eliminating barriers
• Strategies for reduction
• Targeting economic development
• Circulating information
• Additional steps?

22

• Initiatives on Migration
• Phase 1 The Whole Enchilada (January-September
  11, 2001)
• Phase 2 Focus on Security
• Phase 3 The Second Term
• Temporary amnesty for those here and employed
• Guest-worker program
• Eventual path to citizenship
• Phase 4 Barack Obama?

23
What Would You Do?