Market Society

1
Market Society

• 9.2

2
New England

• Reasons for industry.
• Farming difficult (labor)
• Fast streams (power machines)
• Great ports (shipping materials)
• Wealth (investment)

3
The Factory

• 1790 Samuel Slater 1st textile factory (RI)
• 1836 Lowell (MA) Factory Town
• Factories for all phases to textile industry
• 1850 52 mills employ 10,000 workers

4
American System of Manufacturing

• Eli Whitney
• Mass production
• Interchangeable parts
• Standard finished products

5
Beginning of Mass Production

• Artisan tradition declines
• Large workshops
• Subdivision of tasks
• Increased supervision

6

• 1840s steam power
• 1850s factories are producing tools, firearms,
  shoes, clocks, ironware, farm machines

7
Commercial NW Farms

• Focus on markets in the East
• Fueled by transportation
• credit
• New machinery 1831
• Steel plow (John Deere)
• McCormick reaper
• 1840-1860 wheat tripled
• Farmers have some
• Eastern farmer focus on dairy, fruits, veggies
  for cities

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9
Growth of Cities

• West
• Cincinnati slaughterhouses
• Chicago was a RR center that shipped farm
  products east.
• 1820-1860 cities grow all over

10
Slaughterhouse
11
Cincinnati 1840s
12
Great American Ballpark
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14
The Industrial Worker

• More work time less leisure time
• Labors price changes to wage
• clock time (factory RR)
• Factory work attracts few native men
• freedom white, male, independent
• Un-free people
• Women, children, immigrants

15
Lowell Girls

• Single, farm daughters 13-30
• Boarding houses, strict rules, lectures, church,
  newsletter
• Experience a form of independence.
• Girls usually work for a couple years until they
  marry.

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17
Legal Foundation for Business Growth

• Corporate charter
• Special privileges powers
• Limited personal liability
• Raise more
• general incorporation laws

18

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• Charters are contracts
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• Rejects state-sponsored monopoly
• Companies not responsible for property damages
• Employer power in workplace
• Criminalization of strikes

19
Tocqueville

• 1830s energetic, materialistic, busy
• In the US a man builds a house in which to spend
  his old age, sells it before the roof is on he
  plants a garden and rents it just as the trees
  are coming into bearing he brings a field into
  tillage leaves others men to gather the crops