Y-chromosome

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Y-chromosome
DNA on this is passed down the paternal line with
usually no change. Every few hundred years
however there may be a change in one of the
repeated sequences of DNA called Short tandem
repeats or STRs. We can analyse these STRs
using techniques known as PCR and
electrophoresis to produce a DNA fingerprint.

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• STRs
• 391 390 393 392 388 19
• Z7 10 22 15 11 16 14
• Z24 12 25 13 13 12 14
• Z34 10 23 13 11 13 13
• Z36 10 24 13 13 12 15
• Z38 10 22 13 11 14 15
• Z40 10 24 13 14 12 14
• Z42 10 25 13 11 10 16
• Z45 10 22 13 11 14 14
• Z50 09 23 12 11 16 16

The rows Z7, Z24 etc correspond to particular
individuals. The columns 391, 390 etc correspond
to the different number of STRs in 6 markers or
parts of the Y- chromosome. The sequence of
numbers 10 22 15 11 16 14 etc. is known as a
persons haplotype. We can enter this data into
a database known as YHRD to look for matches with
over 13000 other people tested in Europe.
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http//www.yhrd.org/
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HIT MISS
17
17
The numbers refer to the place. E.g. 17 Croatia
Here are a few examples.
5
Kevin Sampson
267 matches/13003
6
Kevin Sampson
267 matches/13003
So Kevins paternal ancestor may have come from
this area
7
Chris Westhead, John Aindow, Roger Martlew, Alan
Scarisbrick, Gordon Ashcroft, Tom Howard, John
Rosbotham, Norman Penketh, Edward Webster, Ole
Christiansen
8
Michael Fletcher
166 matches/13003
9
Keith Rimmer
89 matches/13003
10
Stanley Lunt
339 matches/13003
11
John Risley
8 matches/13003
12
Michael Welch
441 matches/13443
13
Tony Tottey
166 matches/13003
14
Brian Totty
166 matches/13003
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• STRs
• 391 390 393 392 388 19
• Z7 10 22 15 11 16 14
• Z24 12 25 13 13 12 14
• Z34 10 23 13 11 13 13
• Z36 10 24 13 13 12 15
• Z38 10 22 13 11 14 15
• Z40 10 24 13 14 12 14
• Z42 10 25 13 11 10 16
• Z45 10 22 13 11 14 14
• Z50 09 23 12 11 16 16

YHRD now allows nearest neighbour analysis
during the course of 1000 years it is possible
that there has been a single mutation of one of
the Y-chromosome STRs along a mans paternal
ancestral line. e.g. for the man Z7 the marker
391 could have originally been 9 or 11 repeats.
Some mutations are rare and yield no matches.
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Richard Hardings Y-chromosome group
No mutation, top matches Ostgotland-Jonköping,
Sweden and Gröningen, Friesland 8 of men have
a match.
One step mutation of one of his STRs Top
matches for each mutation West Norway
(2ce) Oslo Puglia (followed by Central
Norway) Vasterbotten, Sweden Uppsala Denmark
Where the top matches for Richards Y-chromosome
are to be found