A Celtic Chronology

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A Celtic Chronology
BCE (BC)

• 325 Athanasius reports that British church
  accepts decision of Nicaea
• c354 Birth of Pelagius
• c371 Martin elect Bishop of Tours, founds
  monastic community
• Emperor Maximus killed Welsh wife Elen returns
  to Wales
• 394 Pelagius in Rome
• Death of Martin
• c400 Christian Community founded at Whithorn
• Sack of Rome by Vandals. Roman army leaves
  Britain
• Council of Carthage - Pelagius condemned
• c418 Birth of Patrick (perhaps in Dumbarton
• C425 Birth of Illtyd
• Sack of Carthage by vandals
• Death of Augustine of Hippo
• 431 Palladius sent as Bishop to the Christians in
  Ireland
• 435 Patrick in Ireland
• The Church in Rome accepts the Alexandrian
  computation of the date of Easter
• c450 Ninian at Whithorn / Candida Casa
• Birth of Brigid in Ireland
• c480 Birth of Benedict in Ireland

500 BC Celts emerged as a distinct race from
Central Europe c. 400 Celts plunder Rome 55/54
Julius Caesar reconnaissance of Britain
CE (AD)

• c40 ?Joseph of Aramathea in Glastonbury
• 40/50 Paul converts the Galatians
• Romans invade Britain
• 60 Boudicca is military commander of Icenes -
  leads rebellion
• Romans start moving into Scotland
• Rebellions in the North - Hadrians Wall
• 178 Irenaeus leader of Christian community in
  Lyon
• c180 Roman villa near Gloucester with Christian
  monograms
• Tertullian writes of places in Britain that have
  yielded to Christ
• Conversion of Emperor Constantine Edict of Milan
• Council of Arles - Bishop of London, York and
  ?Colchester present
• 315-373 Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers first Celtic
  influential churchman

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A Celtic Chronology

• Death of Patrick
• 498 Kings of Dalriada migrate to Kintyre
• Late 5th C
• Illtyd founds large monastic school at Llantwit
  Major
• 505 Death of Illtyd
• c516 Battle of Badon Hill
• Arthur defeats the AngloSaxons?
• 521 Samson becomes Bishop
• Birth of Comulba (Columcille) in Ireland
• Death of Brigid, Abbess of Kildare
• 530 - 560 Travels of Brendan the Voyager
• 533 Kentigern baptised folk at Calbeck well
• c537 ?Death of Arthur at Battle of Canlann
• 540 Gildas writes The Ruin of Britain
• c540 David becomes Bishop of Caerleon
• 543 Death of Petroc of Cornwall
• 543 Birth of Columbanus in Ireland
• 546 Columbas first monastic settlement in Derry
• 547 Ida founds Anglian kingdom of Bernicia with
  capital at Bamburgh

577 Death of Brendan 560 - 580 North Atlantic
Travels of Cormac c589 Death of
David 591 Columbanus begins continental
mission 597 Death of Columba, June 9th Augustine
arrives in Kent, sent by Pope Gregory the Great
in mission to Angles 601 Further Roman mission,
including Paulinus 603 Conference of British
Bishops and Abbots with Augustine of
Canterbury by 609 Death of Augustine 613 Columbanu
s founds monastery at Bobbio 614 Birth of
Hilda 615 Death of Columanus 616 Edwin of Deira
defeats Ethelfrith of Bernicia. Ethelfriths
sons (including Oswald) flee to Argyll, educated
on Iona. 617 Edwin established as king north of
the Humber(Northumbria) Chase (Doncaster).
Ethelburgh and Paulinus flee to Kent Osric
becomes king of Deira Eanfrith returns from Iona
and becomes king of Bernicia. Both apostasize.
In further fighting both are killed by
Cadwallon. Death of Fursey 618 St Donan killed
on Eigg by ?Vikings 624 Birth of Adomnan, Abbot
of Iona, Columbas biographer 625 Marriage of
Edwin of Northumbria and Ethelburgh of Kent
Ethelburh brings Bishop Paulinus with her to
Bamburgh
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A Celtic Chronology

• 626 Eanfled, daughter of Edwin and Ethelburh,
  baptised, with twelve others.
• 627 Edwin converts and is baptised at York.
  Mass baptisms, including Hilda (now aged 13)
• Paulinus baptising at Yeavering
• 628 Birth of Benedict Biscop
• 630 Fursey of Ireland founds monastery in East
  Anglia
• 633 Cadwallon of Gwynned and Penda of Mercia
  attack and kill EEdwin at Battle of Hatfield
• 634 Oswald plants cross in the soil and defeats
  Cadwallon at Battle of Heavenfield. Becomes king
  of the united kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia.
• Birth of Wilfrid
• Birth of Cuthbert
• 635 Mission of Corman to Bernicia - Mission fails
  -
• Aidan consecrated Bishop on Iona and sent to
• Northumbria, bases his mission on Lindisfarne.
  Goes on to found monastery at Melrose and other
  northern sites encourages Hilda to the religious
  life.
• 636 South of Ireland accepts Roman Order
• 642 Oswald killed by Penda at Oswestry
• Oswy (Oswalds younger brother) becomes king of
  Bernicia.
• Oswin becomes King of Deira and close friend of
  Aidan
• 651 Oswin killed at instruction of Oswiu
• Aidan dies at Bamburgh (August 31st),
• buried at Lindisfarne.

652 Wilfred and Benedict Biscop visit
Rome 653 Cedd evangelizes the East Saxons and
becomes their bishop. Builds stone church at
Bradwell (Essex) 654 Cuthbert becomes
guest-master at newly founded monastery at
Ripon 655 Repentant Oswy unites Deira and
Bernicia Penda killed. Mercia open to the
Gospel 657 Wilfrid and kings son Alcfrith move
Cuthbert and his abbot Eata from Ripon - they
return to Melrose. Wilfrid becomes Abbot of Ripon
and introduces Benedictine rule. 659 Cedd builds
monastery at Lastingham and becomes first
Abbot 661 Colman bishop at Lindisfarne 662 Boisil
dies of plague Cuthbert becomes Prior of
Melrose engages in missionary journies. 664 Synod
of Whitby chaired by King Oswy Colman resigns
as Bishop of Lindisfarne and returns to
Iona Cedd and his brother ynebil die of
plague Chad becomes Bishop of York, based at
Lastingham Cuthbert becomes Prior of
Lindisfarne 666 Wilfrid consecrated Bishop in
Gaul 668 Theodore of Tarsus becomes Archbishop of
Canterbury c664-669 Cummenes Life of
Columba 669 Theodore reconsecrates Chad and
moves him to Lichfield Wilfrid becomes Bishop of
York 670 Death of Oswy , succeeded by second son
Ecgfrith 672 Chad dies of plague, March
2nd 673 Birth of Bede, monk historian of Jarrow
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A Celtic Chronology

• 674 Benedict Biscop founds monastery at Wearmouth
• 676 Cuthbert becomes hermit on the island of
  Inner Farne
• 679 Adomnan becomes Abbot of Iona
• 680 Death of Hilda, November 17th
• Death of Caedmon, poet of Whitby
• 681 Benedict Biscop founds monastery at Jarrow
• 684 Cuthbert appointed Bishop ofLindisfarne,
  after persuasion by King Ecgfrith and is
  consecrated (March 26th 685) at York by
  Archbishop Theodore
• 685 Death of Ecgfrith in battle of Nechtansmere
• Aldfrith, scholar and artist, becomes King of
  Northumbria
• 686 Cuthbert returns to Inner Farne
• 687 Death of Cuthbert , March 20th
• 688 Eadbearht becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne
• c.692 Adomnans Life of Columba written
• 697 Adomnans Law of Innocents, safeguarding
  women and children from violence, confirmed at
  synod of Birr, Ireland.
• 698 Translation of Cuthberts body, found
  uncorrupted. Death of Bishop Eadbearht
• Eadfrith becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne
• 700 Life of Cuthbert written by an anonymous
  monk of Lindisfarne
• Writing of the Lindisfarne Gospels by Eadfrith
• Death of Adomnan on Iona

• 721 Ethelwald (who bound the Lindisfarne Gospels)
  appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne
• Death of Bishop Ecgbert on Iona
• 731/2 The Ecclesiastical History of the English
  People completed by Bede
• 735 Death of Bede
• 755 Roman order accepted in Wales
• 793 First Viking raid on Lindisfarne - Viking
  Age dated from this raid.
• 794 Viking raids across the Scottish islands
• 795 Iona sacked
• 802 Iona monastery burned to ground
• 806 Viking raid on Iona -68 monks killed at
  Martyrs Bay
• 807 Ionan Community moved to Kells
• 825 Blathmac martyred by Vikings on Iona
• 847-858 Kenneth macAlpin, King of the Scots
• 875 Suggested date for the abandonment of
  Lindisfarne by Bishop Eardulf and the community.
  Cuthberts coffin and the Lindisfarne Gospels
  taken on 7 year journey, ending in Chester le
  Street
• Hebridean Norse migrate to Iceland
• 989 Viking raids in Wales St Davids, Llanilltyd
  and Llancararn all burnt
• Viking presssure uproots Cuthberts People, who
  take his remains to Ripon, and then to Durham
• Church built in Durham to house Cuthberts relics

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A Celtic Chronology

• 1066 Last Viking raid in England - William of
  Normandy (2nd generation Viking) takes the
  English crown
• 1069 Ethelwine, last of the Saxon Bishops, takes
  Cuthberts relics back to Lindisfarne, to escape
  King William. Returned them to Durham in 1070
• 1093 Durham Cathedral and Lindisfarne Priory
  founded
• Cuthberts relics investigated and found
  uncorrupted in 1104 and 1537. Last opening of
  coffin in 1827 body decayed.
• 1537 Lindisfarne Priory dissolved by Henry VIII