Independence%20in%2020th%20Century

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Independence in 20th Century
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Creation of Israel
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ISRAEL

• In 1948 the UN established Israel as a homeland
  for Jews
• This caused conflict between Israel and its Arab
  neighbors still to this day
• This led to many Palestinian refugees in Israel,
  Jordan, Egypt

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ASIA
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INDIA

• India had been colonized by England for over 150
  years
• Nationalism developed in India
• Independence movement was led by Gandhi

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GANDHI

• Gandhi believed in civil disobedience and passive
  resistance
• After WWII, India gained independence from England

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PAKISTAN

• There was great tension between Hindus and
  Muslims in India
• Violence broke out
• Muslims and Hindus had to be separated into 2
  countries
• Muslims formed Pakistan

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BANGLADESH

• Muslims in Pakistan were separated into east and
  west
• Conflict developed
• In 1970, Pakistan was divided into 2 countries
  Pakistan (west) and Bangladesh (east)

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AFRICA
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Western Africa

• Farming communities
• Had been colonized for 150 years by England,
  France, Belgium
• Transitions to independence were generally
  peaceful

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Eastern Africa

• Very important trading communities
• Colonized mainly by French and English
• Violence broke out between European colonists and
  Africans fighting for independence
• Ex Kenya was led by 1st President Kenyatta

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South Africa

• South Africa moved toward better race relations
  in the 1990s
• They abandoned apartheid (racial segregation)
• Nelson Mandella was released from prison and
  became their first black President