Chap 5

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Chap 5

• The Constitution

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• Early Government
• A. Articles of Confederation (1777) creates a
  Republic
• Most power stays with the states.
• One branch, Congress.
• Each state had its own court system.
• Could declare war and borrow money

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• B. Weaknesses
• NO power to tax.
• Congress had no power to enforce states.

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• C. Shays Rebellion 1786-1787
• 1. Do you Raise Taxes to pay war debts?

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• II. Constitutional Convention (May 1787)
• Decisions
• 1. George Washington elected president of
  convention.

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• c. Virginia Plan (James Madison)
• bicameral (two house) legislature.
• representatives based on number of citizens.
• create an legislative, executive and judicial
  branch.

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• d. New Jersey Plan (William Paterson)
• states have equal voting power.
• states more power than the national government.
• Government could regulate taxes.

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• e. The Great Compromise (July 1787)
• Created a bicameral legislature
• Senate 2 votes
• A House of Representatives based on the
  population.
• 3/5ths Compromise. Slave counts as 3/5 of
  population.

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III. Battle for Ratification

• Federalist VS
• Washington, Madison, Hamilton favored the
  Constitution.

• Anti-Federalist
• 1. Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancock.
  opposed the Constitution. (threat to state
  governments and individuals rights.)

c. Bill of Rights 1. First 10 amendments.
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• IV. Government under the Constitution
• Six principles
• Popular sovereignty- people
• Limited Government
• Separation of powers
• Checks and Balances- prevents too much power
• Judicial Review
• Federalism- two levels of power

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• B. Term Lengths
• President 4 yrs
• Senator 6 yrs
• House of Representatives 2 yrs
• Supreme Court Justice life term

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This Day in History

• Aug 20, 1939 The NBA is founded, Thats right
  The National Bowling Association

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Chap 6

• The New Republic

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• IV. Government Leaders
• President Washington and his Cabinet
• Create a new Government
• Help in French Revolution?
• New LandsIndians
• Need

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• b. Differences create Political Parties
• 1. Washington feared political parties could
  divide country.
• 2. Jefferson Hamilton
• Strict construction
  Loose construction
• Agrarian Industry/Business

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• V. Test of Federal power
• A. Paying debts
• 1791, established First National Bank.
• High tariffs
• Tax on whiskey

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• B. 1794 Whiskey Tax Rebellion- 1st test
• 1. Send soldiers, ends rebellion. (Federal power
  over laws)

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• C. Protest to taxes/Foreign Policy (1789-1800)
• 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality- stay out of war
  (France/England)
• 1794, Jays Treaty supports G.B.

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This Day in History

• Aug 21st, 1959 - Hawaii became the 50th state.

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• VI. John Adams President
• Political Parties Emerge
• 1. Federalists(Adams, Hamilton) vs. Democratic
  Republicans (Jefferson, Madison)
• B. 1796 Adams defeats Jefferson
• 1. Opposes Jays Treaty sends officials to Paris.

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• 2. XYZ affair- French Agents wanted 250,000 bribe
  and a loan of 10 million before the government
  would talk with the U.S.
• 3. 1798 Alien and Sedition Act
• VII. Election of 1800 (three man race)
• A. Jefferson
• Papers accused Adams of being a Monarch
• B. Adams
• Accused Jefferson of leading the country into
  chaos.

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• C. Aaron Burr
• Jefferson and Burr tie in electoral college
• Hamilton helps Jefferson win

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This Day in History

• Aug 25th, 1944 General De Gaulle returns to
  Paris/walks Champs Elysees Paris

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• IV. Jefferson takes office (1801-1809)
• A. Marbury v Madison (1803)
• Confirmation papers were not delivered.
• Argued the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave court power
  to force Sec. of State carry out appointment.
• Marshal rules for Madison. Established Judicial
  Review, which gave federal courts power to review
  laws.

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• 4. July 11, 1804 Aaron Burr kills Alexander
  Hamilton in a Duel.

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• C. Policies
• 1. Jefferson Reduces government size and cut
  taxes.
• 2. Louisiana Purchase (1803), Napoleon sell all
  French claims in North America for 15 million.
• 3. 1807 Embargo Act- hurts U.S. economy

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• V. Madison wins Election 1808
• A. Causes of War of 1812
• Indian attacks!
• Disrupted Trade
• Naval Impressments by British

Tecumseh
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• B. British Attack
• 1. Aug. 1814 British sent troops up Chesapeake
  enter Washington, burning the White House

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• 2. Sept 1814 British bombard Baltimore, Francis
  Scott Key witnesses event, writing the Star
  Spangled Banner.

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• 3. Dec 24th, 1814 Treaty of Ghent signed.
• 4. Jan 8, 1815 Andrew Jackson defeats British at
  Battle of New Orleans. (after the treaty was
  signed)