The Human Body: An Orientation

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The Human Body An Orientation
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What is Anatomy and Physiology?

• ANATOMY structure
• PHYSIOLOGY function

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Levels of Body Structure
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Levels of Body Structure

• Cell- basic unit of a living matter
• Tissue- many cells that perform a similar
  function
• Organ- Several tissues that perform a specific
  task
• Organ System- Many organs that together perform a
  vital body function
• (Organism)

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Levels of Structural Complexity
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ORGAN SYSTEMS
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Integumentary System

• Skin, hair, nails
• Covers and protects from injury, excessive heat
  or cold, drying out

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Skeletal System

• Bones, tendons, ligaments
• Provides support and protection of some organs

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Muscular System

• Muscles
• Enables body movement

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Nervous System

• Brain, nerves, spinal cord
• Coordinates bodys activities

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Circulatory System

• Heart, blood vessels, blood
• Delivers oxygen by transport of blood

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Digestive System

• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall
  bladder, small intestine, large intestine, anus
• Ingests food and breaks it into smaller chemical
  units for use by the body eliminates waste

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Respiratory System

• Lungs, diaphragm, trachea, bronchial tubes, nose
• Exchanges gases with the environment

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Endocrine System

• Hormones, endocrine organs
• Secretes hormones that regulate body activities

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Excretory System

• Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Removes waste products through urine

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Lymphatic/ Immune System

• Immune organs, white blood cells (B cells T
  cells)
• Defense against foreign invaders

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Reproductive System

• Produces eggs sperm female also provides
  organs needed to support a developing embryo

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QUIZ

• Integumentary
• Circulatory
• Digestive
• Endocrine
• Lymphatic/ Immune
• Reproductive

• Excretory
• Respiratory
• Muscular
• Nervous
• Skeletal

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Body Tissues
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Body Tissues

• Epithelial Tissue
• Covers body surface lines
• internal organs
• Connective Tissue
• Hold together support body organs

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Body Tissues

• Nervous Tissue
• Respond to stimuli
• Muscle Tissue
• Movement
• Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

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Integumentary System (Skin)
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Structure of Skin

• Largest organ in the body
• 3 layers
• Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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Skin and Homeostasis

• Homeostasis- steady state maintained by the
  body
• Skin as a thermostat
• Shivering
• Sweat

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Skin Cancer
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3 TYPES OF SKIN CANCER

• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• 80
• Slow grower
• Doesnt metastasize
• Head neck

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• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• 15
• Spreads faster
• Face, lips, ears, hands

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• Malignant Melanoma
• Most deadly
• In melanocytes
• Metastasizes in blood
• 2-3

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ABCD

• Asymmetry

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• Border

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• Color

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• Diameter

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Skeletal System
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The Skeleton

• 206 bones in the body!

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Skeletal System Trivia

• What is the smallest bone?
• What is the longest bone?
• Which bone is most often fractured?
• What is the flattest bone?
• Which bones are most numerous?

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Long Bone Anatomy

• Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Cartilage on ends
• Yellow marrow
• Red marrow
• Spongy bone
• Compact bone

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Joints

• Area where 1 bone meets another bone
• Arthritis- inflammation of joints

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Ligaments/ Tendons

• Ligament- connects bone to bone
• Tendon- connects bone to muscle

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Osteoporosis

• Bones become thinner, more porous, and easily
  broken.
• Calcium is important!

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Muscular System
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3 Types of Muscle Tissue

• Skeletal- attached to the bones
• Cardiac- in the heart
• Smooth- digestive system

Be sure to know what each type looks like!
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Muscles and Bones Work Together

• Muscles only push, not pull.
• Muscles work in pairs (i.e. biceps and triceps)

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Structure of a Muscle

• Skeletal muscle is voluntary.
• Made up of many muscle fibers
• Striated (striped)
• Actin (thin) myosin (thick)

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Sarcomere

• Contractile muscle units
• Made up of actin and myosin

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Muscle Contraction
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