Chemical building blocks of cells

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• Chemical building blocks of cells
• C-3-3

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• Organic compounds compound that contains Carbon
• Macromolecules built from small organic compouns

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4 kinds of Macromolecules

• 1.) Carbohydrates
• composed of C, H, O in a 121 ratio
• Ex glucose is C6H12O6
• stores and transports energy in the body
• Ex Polysaccharides linked sugars in a long
  chain

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• 2.) Lipids
• special b/c they don't dissolve in water
• Ex oils, waxes, fats
• Functions energy storage
• structural support in cell membrane
• specific reactants for metabolic rxns

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• Fats energy storage
• fats supply more energy than carbs
• 1g fat 9 cal 1g carbs 4 cal
• Saturated fats -- contain single C-H bonds
• Unsaturated fats has at least double bond CC

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• 3.) Proteins
• -- long chains of polypeptides
• -- long chains of amino acids (20 kinds)
• Enzymes - type of protein that assists in chem
  rxn of metabolism
• increase rate of chem rxn w/o being used up
  catalyst

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• 4.) Nucleic Acids
• long chains of small, repeating sub-units
  called nucleotides
• -- 5C sugar w/ a phosphate group (PO4) on one
  side and organic base on the other
• --functions to store genetic info
• Ex...DNA RNA

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• ATP - adenosine triphosphate
• - an organic base, a sugar, and 3 (PO4) groups
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell

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• Energy and Chemical Reactions
• C-3-4

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• Chemical reaction
• chemical bonds between atoms are broken or
  formed
• Reactants
• - substances that bind or are broken apart
• Products
• - new substance that is formed
• Ex Breakdown of sugar or making a protein

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Type of Reactions

• Exergonic reaction releases free energy
• products contain less energy than the reactants
• Ex Cellular respiration
• Endergonic reaction absorbs free energy
• products contain more energy than the reactants
• Ex Photosynthesis

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Catalysts

• Enzymes
• Catalysts that trigger and control specific
  chemical rxns
• type of protein
• binds to specific reactant molecules
• not used up or changed in the reaction

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Enzymes

• bind to a specific site active site
• Each have an optimal temperature and pH
• alter the chemical reaction to go at a lower
  activation energy level
• not altered during the reaction
• do not make reactions happen spontaneously

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Metabolism

• Energy transferring rxns in cells
• Allows maintenance of homeostasis
• Driven by ATP