PHYLUM CHORDATA

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PHYLUM CHORDATA

• notochord
• dorsal, hollow nerve tube
• gill slits
• post anal tail

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Two Invertebrate Chordates

• Urochordates
• sea squirts or tunicates
• Cephalochordates
• lancelets or amphioxus

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VERTEBRATES

• Possess backbones replaces the notochord

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Jawless Fish Class Agnatha

• hagfish
• lamprey

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Cartilagenous Fish Class Chondrichthyes

• skates, rays and sharks

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Class Chondrichthyes
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Cartilagenous Fish Class Chondrichthyes

• skeletons made of tough elastic cartilage
• negatively buoyant
• some of the active sharks must swim to breathe

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Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes

• most numerous and successful of all vertebrates

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Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes

• swim bladders
• countercurrent exchange
• operculum
• body shape effects the efficiency of movement

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 Amphibians

• not found in marine environments

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Marine Reptiles

• Sea turtles, sea snakes, marine iguanas, marine
  crocodiles

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Figure 9.05
Marine iguana 1 of 2 marine reptiles (other
crocodile)
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Marine Reptiles

• ectothermic
• covered with scales
• breathe air with lungs,
• have specialized salt glands to excrete excess
  salt taken in from seawater

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Marine BirdsClass Aves

• Albatrosses, pelicans, gulls, terns, puffins and
  penguins
• are endotherms, also have salt secreting glands

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Marine Mammals

• mammary glands
• hair
• endothermic
• streamlined bodies

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Marine Mammals

• breathe air using lungs
• modified respiratory circulatory system system
• osmotic adaptations

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Marine Mammals

• Cetaceans
• porpoises, dolphins and whales

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Humpback Whale
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Beluga Whale
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BottlenoseDolphin
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Marine Mammals

• There are 3 groups
• 1 Pinnipeds (sea lions, seals and walruses)

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Elephant Seals
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Figure 9.11
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Marine Mammals

• 2 Sirenia
• manatees- only herbivorous marine mammal

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Marine Mammals

• 3 Carnivora
• seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otters and polar
  bears

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