Chapter 5 5.1 Forces

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Chapter 55.1 Forces 5.3 Forces Equilibrium

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IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

• Force a push or a pull

All forces have both a size (a number) and a
direction
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5.1 The cause of forces

• A force is a push or pull, or an action that has
  the ability to change motion.
• Forces can increase or decrease the speed of a
  moving object.
• Forces can also change the direction in which an
  object is moving.

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5.1 How are forces created?

• Forces are created in many ways.
• For example, your muscles create force when you
  swing a baseball bat.

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Four Elemental Forces

• All forces in the universe come from only four
  basic forces.
• Electromagnetic forces are important to
  technology.
• Gravity is a universal force.

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5.1 Unit conversions

• The newton (N) is a smaller unit of force than
  the pound (lb).
• If one pound of force equals 4.448 newtons, then
  a 100 lb person weighs 444.8 newtons.

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5.1 Contact forces from ropes and springs

• The pulling force carried by a rope is called
  tension.
• Tension always acts along the direction of the
  rope.

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5.1 Gravity

• The force of gravity on an object is called
  weight.
• At Earths surface, gravity exerts a force of 9.8
  N on every kilogram of mass.
• g9.8N/kg

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5.1 Weight vs. mass

• Weight and mass are not the same.
• Mass is a fundamental property of matter measured
  in kilograms (kg).
• Weight is a force measured in newtons (N).
• Weight depends on mass and gravity.

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5.1 Calculating weight
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Weight depends on mass and gravity
A 10-kilogram rock has the same mass no matter
where it is in the universe. On Earth, the10 kg.
rock weighs 98 N.. On the moon, the same rock
only weighs 16 N.
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5.3 Forces and Equilibrium

• The sum of all the forces on an object is called
  the net force.
• The word net means total but also means the
  direction of the forces has been taken into
  account.

In what direction will this plane go?
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5.3 Normal forces

• When the forces are balanced, the net force is
  zero.
• When the net force on an object is zero, we say
  the object is in equilibrium.

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5.3 Equilibrium and normal forces

• A normal force is created whenever an object is
  in contact with a surface.
• The normal force has equal strength to the force
  pressing the object into the surface, which is
  often the objects weight.

The normal force is sometimes called the support
force.
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5.3 The free body diagram

• How do you keep track of many forces with
  different directions?
• Draw a free-body diagram that contains the
  objects, like a book on a table.

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5.3 Solving equilibrium problems

• For an object to be in equilibrium, all the
  forces acting on the object must add up to zero.

Is this object in equilibrium?
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Solving Problems

• Two chains are used to support a small boat
  weighing 1,500 newtons.
• One chain has a tension of 600 newtons.
• What is the force exerted by the other chain?

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Solving Problems

• Looking for
• tension on chain 2
• Given
• weightboat 1,500N tension1 600 N
• Implied weight and tension are forces
• Relationships
• Net force on boat zero

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Solving Problems

• Solution
• Draw free body diagram

• Upward force of chains weight of boat
• 600 N tension2 1,500 N
• tension2 900 N