Splash Screen

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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 Taxation Without
Representation Section 2 Building Colonial
Unity Section 3 A Call to Arms Section 4 Moving
Toward Independence Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
Taxation Without Representation Essential
Question Following the French and Indian War,
how did the British government anger the American
colonists?
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Chapter Intro
Building Colonial Unity Essential Question How
did the colonists react to British policies?
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Chapter Intro
Call to Arms Essential Question What brought
about the clash between American colonists and
British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?
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Chapter Intro
Moving Toward Independence Essential Question
Why did the American colonies choose to declare
independence?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Essential Question
Following the French and Indian War, how did the
British government anger the American colonists?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• revenue
• resolution
• boycott
• repeal

• writs of assistance
• effigy
• nonimportation

Academic Vocabulary

• prohibit

• violate

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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Stamp Act
• Patrick Henry
• Samuel Adams

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Section 1-Polling Question
What do you typically do when you feel you are
being treated unfairly? A. Just accept it and
say nothing B. Calmly present your grievances
to the person treating you unfairly C. Angrily
confront the person treating you unfairly

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
Relations With Britain
After the French and Indian War, Great Britain
passed laws to protect British interests in the
colonies.
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Section 1
Relations With Britain (cont.)

• After the French and Indian War, the British
  faced the challenge of protecting their interests
  in the colonies and new territory they now
  controlled.

• With the Proclamation of 1763, the British
  government set up new provinces and prohibited
  colonists from moving west of the Appalachian
  Mountains.

The Proclamation of 1763
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Section 1
Relations With Britain (cont.)

• Britain needed new revenue to pay troop expenses,
  so they issued new taxes on the colonies and
  began to enforce existing taxes more strictly.

• Parliament authorized writs of assistance, which
  allowed customs officers to enter any location to
  search for smuggled goods.

Pounds and Shillings
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Section 1
Relations With Britain (cont.)

• Parliament also passed the Sugar Act, which
  lowered the tax on imported molasses but also let
  officers seize goods from smugglers without going
  to court.

• The colonists believed these British actions
  violated their rights as English citizens.

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Section 1
What was the purpose of the Sugar Act? A. To
raise taxes on imported molasses B. To lower
taxes on imported molasses C. To prohibit trade
with countries that sold sugar D. To encourage
trade with countries that sold sugar

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
New Taxes
As the British government passed new tax laws,
resistance by the colonists grew.
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Section 1
New Taxes (cont.)

• In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which
  placed a tax on almost all printed material. The
  colonists opposed this new law.

• Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia assembly to
  pass a resolution declaring it had the exclusive
  right to tax citizens.
• Samuel Adams helped start an organization called
  the Sons of Liberty to protest the Stamp Act.

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Section 1
New Taxes (cont.)

• Protesters burned effigies representing tax
  collectors and destroyed houses belonging to
  royal officials.

• In colonial cities, merchants were urged to
  boycott British and European goods in protest,
  and thousands of merchants signed nonimportation
  agreements.

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Section 1
New Taxes (cont.)

• Parliament eventually repealed the Stamp Act but
  then passed the Declaratory Act, which stated
  that Parliament had the right to tax and make
  decisions for the British colonies in all cases.

• In 1767 Parliament passed a set of laws, known as
  the Townshend Acts, which taxed imported goods.

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Section 1
Which law stated that Parliament had the right to
tax and make decisions for the British colonies
in all cases? A. Proclamation of 1763 B. Stamp
Act C. Declaratory Act D. Townshend Acts

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Essential Question
How did the colonists react to British policies?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• propaganda
• committee of correspondence

Academic Vocabulary

• occupy
• encounter

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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Crispus Attucks
• Boston Massacre
• Tea Act
• Boston Tea Party
• George III
• Coercive Acts

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Section 2-Polling Question
How would you most likely respond to taunting?
A. Ignore it B. Cry C. Respond
verbally D. Respond violently

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Trouble in Boston
A violent clash between townspeople and British
soldiers in Boston intensified anti-British
feeling in the colonies.
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Section 2
Trouble in Boston (cont.)

• Many colonists were angry that the British had
  passed laws that violated colonial rights and
  sent an army to occupy colonial cities.

• An encounter between Bostonians and British
  soldiers, who killed five colonists including
  Crispus Attucks, became known as the Boston
  Massacre.
• Colonial leaders used the killings as propaganda.

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Section 2
Trouble in Boston (cont.)

• Aware of the opposition to its policies,
  Parliament repealed all the Townshend Acts taxes
  except the one on tea.

• Some colonial leaders continued to call for
  resistance to British rule and revived the Boston
  committee of correspondence.

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Section 2
Who revived the committee of correspondence?
A. Paul Revere B. Crispus Attucks C. Samuel
Adams D. King George III

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
A Crisis Over Tea
New British laws restricting colonial rights
further enraged the colonists.
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Section 2
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

• To save the British East India Company,
  Parliament passed the Tea Act.

• A group of men disguised as Mohawks boarded the
  British ships at midnight and threw 342 chests of
  tea overboard in an event that became known as
  the Boston Tea Party.

The Boston Tea Party
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Section 2
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

• King George III passed the Coercive Acts, which

• Closed Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts
  colonists paid for the ruined tea.
• Banned certain rights, such as the right to town
  meetings.
• Forced Bostonians to shelter British soldiers in
  their homes.

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Section 2
A Crisis Over Tea (cont.)

• The colonists called the new laws the Intolerable
  Acts.

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Section 2
What did the colonists call the new laws passed
by the British government? A. The Intolerable
Acts B. The Revolutionary Acts C. The Boston
Massacre D. The Coercive Acts

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Essential Question
What brought about the clash between American
colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and
Concord?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• militia
• minutemen

• Loyalist
• Patriot

Academic Vocabulary

• approach

• volunteer

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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Continental Congress
• John Adams
• John Jay
• Richard Henry Lee
• George Washington
• Paul Revere

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Section 3-Polling Question
Have you ever disagreed with a policy enacted by
the government? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 3
The Continental Congress
Colonial leaders met in Philadelphia to discuss
their opposition to British policy.
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Section 3
The Continental Congress (cont.)

• In 1774, delegates from all the colonies except
  Georgia met to establish a political body to
  represent American interests and challenge
  British control.

• Delegates to this Continental Congress included

• John Adams
• John Jay
• Richard Henry Lee

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Section 3
The Continental Congress (cont.)

• Patrick Henry
• George Washington

• The delegates drafted a statement of grievances
  calling for the repeal of 13 acts of Parliament.
• They also called upon the people to form
  militiasgroups of citizen soldiers.

Militias in the Colonies
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Section 3
The purpose of the Continental Congress was to
accomplish which of the following tasks?
A. Support British rule B. Explore a new
continent C. Challenge British control D. Establis
h a new boycott

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
The First Battles
Americas fight for independence began when
British troops clashed with minutemen at
Lexington and Concord.
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Section 3
The First Battles (cont.)

• Some colonial soldiers, known as minutemen,
  boasted they would be ready to fight on a
  minutes notice.

• Upon hearing that British troops were marching
  out of Boston, Paul Revere and William Dawes rode
  to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John
  Hancock.

The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775
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Section 3
The First Battles (cont.)

• At dawn the redcoats approached Lexington and
  fought the minutemen. The battle for independence
  had begun.

The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775
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Section 3
Where did the first battles of the Revolution
take place? A. Boston and New York
B. Washington and Philadelphia C. Suffolk and
Charlestown D. Lexington and Concord

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
More Military Action
As colonial militias formed and the fighting
continued, American loyalties were split.
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Section 3
More Military Action (cont.)

• After Lexington and Concord, the committees of
  correspondence sent out calls for volunteers to
  join the militias.

• Although the British won the Battle of Bunker
  Hill, they learned that defeating the Americans
  on the battlefield would not be quick or easy.

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Section 3
More Military Action (cont.)

• The American Revolution was also a civil war
  among the colonists.

• Those who remained loyal to Great Britain were
  called Loyalists.
• Those who supported the war for independence were
  called Patriots.

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Section 3
Which of the following shows the correct
chronology? A. Bunker Hill, Lexington, Ft.
Ticonderoga B. Concord, Yorktown,
Lexington C. Yorktown, Lexington,
Concord D. Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga, Bunker
Hill

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-End
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Section 4-Essential Question
Why did the American colonies choose to declare
independence?
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Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• petition
• preamble

Academic Vocabulary

• debate
• status

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Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Second Continental Congress
• Continental Army
• Olive Branch Petition
• Thomas Paine
• Common Sense
• Declaration of Independence

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Section 4-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
The media influences your opinion about
important issues. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat
agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 4
Colonial Leaders Emerge
When the Second Continental Congress met for the
first time, many leaders were not yet ready to
call for independence.
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Section 4
Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

• When the Second Continental Congress assembled in
  1775, many delegates were not yet prepared to
  break away from Great Britain.

• The Second Continental Congress

• Authorized the printing of money.
• Set up a post office run by Benjamin Franklin.

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Section 4
Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

• Established committees to communicate with Native
  Americans and with other countries.
• Created the Continental Army commanded by George
  Washington.
• Sent a petition to King George III called the
  Olive Branch Petition.

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Section 4
Colonial Leaders Emerge (cont.)

• In January 1776, Thomas Paine published a
  pamphlet called Common Sense, which called for
  complete independence from Britain.

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Section 4
Who published a very influential pamphlet called
Common Sense? A. Thomas Paine B. George
Washington C. Samuel Adams D. Patrick Henry

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 4
The Colonies Declare Independence
The Declaration of Independence announced the
birth of a new nation, committing Americans to a
struggle for independence.
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Section 4
The Colonies Declare Independence (cont.)

• After much debate, the Second Continental
  Congress chose a committee to draft a Declaration
  of Independence, which was approved on July 4,
  1776.

• The Declaration has four major sections

• A preamble or introduction
• A list of rights the colonists believed they
  should have

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Section 4
The Colonies Declare Independence (cont.)

• A list of complaints against Britain
• A proclamation of their status as a new nation

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Section 4
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
A. Thomas Paine B. George Washington C. Thomas
Jefferson D. Patrick Henry

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 4-End
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Vocab1
revenue incoming money
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Vocab2
resolution a formal expression of opinion
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Vocab3
boycott to refuse to buy items from a particular
country to refuse to use in order to show
disapproval or force acceptance of ones terms
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Vocab4
repeal to cancel an act or law
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Vocab5
writ of assistance legal document that enabled
officers to search homes and warehouses for goods
that might be smuggled
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Vocab6
effigy rag figure representing an unpopular
individual
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Vocab7
nonimportation the act of not importing or using
certain goods
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Vocab8
prohibit stop disallow
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Vocab9
violate disturb or disregard
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Vocab10
propaganda ideas or information designed and
spread to influence opinion
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Vocab11
committee of correspondence an organization that
spread political ideas through the colonies
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Vocab12
occupy to control
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Vocab13
encounter to come upon meet
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Vocab14
militia a group of civilians trained to fight in
emergencies
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Vocab15
minutemen companies of civilian soldiers who
boasted that they were ready to fight on a
minutes notice
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Vocab16
Loyalists American colonists who remained loyal
to Britain and opposed the war for independence
105
Vocab17
Patriot American colonist who favored American
independence
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Vocab18
approach move toward
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Vocab19
volunteer willingly step forward
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Vocab20
petition a formal request
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Vocab21
preamble the introduction to a formal document,
especially the Constitution
110
Vocab22
debate discussion by opposing points of view
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Vocab23
status rank or position
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