PHL 203 Theories of Reality - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PHL 203 Theories of Reality

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PHL 203 Theories of Reality The Mind-Body Problem The Mind-Body Problem Ontology Idealism Materialism Dualism If the mind and body are the same, why do they seem ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PHL 203 Theories of Reality


1
PHL 203Theories of Reality
  • The Mind-Body Problem

2
The Mind-Body Problem
  • Ontology
  • Idealism
  • Materialism
  • Dualism
  • If the mind and body are the same, why do they
    seem different?
  • If different, how do they interact?

3
Dualist Answers
  • Cartesian Interactionism
  • Mind and brain interface in pineal gland
  • Interaction mysterious like gravity
  • We know THAT it happens but not HOW
  • We know mind body are distinct because they are
    conceptually different

4
Dualist Answers
  • Epiphenomenalism
  • Parallelism/Occasionalism

5
Eliminative or Reductive vs.Simple Materialism
  • A theory about
  • Mentalistic language
  • Folk psychology
  • How we talk about things
  • Is talk about thoughts, beliefs and intentions
    unscientific or misleading?
  • Reductive materialists suggest restricting
    ourselves to precise, quantifiable terms and
    observations

6
Materialist Answers
  • Logical Behaviorism
  • Gilbert Ryle
  • Ghost in the machine criticism
  • Descartes says that its NOT like a pilot and
    his ship, more intimate and mysterious
  • Category Mistakes
  • The University Example
  • The Baseball Game Example

7
Materialist Answers
  • Logical Behaviorism
  • Mentalistic language refers to dispositions to
    behave in various ways under particular
    circumstances
  • Al is angry
  • Al is behaving angrily (red in the face, yelling,
    pounding his fist on the desk)
  • Objection Confusing mental states with evidence
    for them in others

8
Materialist Answers
  • The Mind-Brain Identity Theory
  • Julien Offray La Mettrie, Man A Machine

9
Arguments Against Dualism
  • Vitalism analogy
  • Brain injuries cause mind injuries
  • Sophistication of nervous system correlated with
    sophistication of consciousness
  • Restoring dead bodies to life restores
    consciousness - why does the soul conveniently
    return?
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