Cloning

1
Cloning

• And its effects on the 21st century

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What is cloning?

• Cloning is any process natural or artificial
  which produces two or more cells or organisms
  that are genetically identical to one another
• These cells or organisms we call clones

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Clones

• A clone is an organism that does not begin from
  sexual event, which is the fusion of genetic
  material from two beings. Instead a clone is
  formed asexually.
• Clones start from either one, or a group of cells
  from a single organism.

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There are two types of clones

• Natural Clones
• Any cells that produce asexually
• Includes identical twins

• Artificial Clones
• Are formed when someone physically takes the DNA
  from one organism and transfers it to another
  organism, putting the DNA into the host cell. The
  host cell then divides forming the clone.

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There are 3 different types of cloning

1. Recombinant DNA Technology
2. Reproductive Cloning
3. Therapeutic Cloning

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Recombinant DNA Technology

• Also called DNA cloning, molecular cloning, and
  gene cloning
• DNA cloning is the process of transferring DNA
  fragments from one organism to a self-replicating
  genetic element
• The DNA is then put into the host cell of the
  genetic element

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Reproductive Cloning

• Is the process of generating a new mammal, where
  a scientist creates an exact copy of a previously
  existing mammals genes, making an exact replica
  of the first mammal.

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Therapeutic Cloning

• Also called embryo cloning
• In therapeutic cloning scientists take embryos
  and use them in their research
• The scientists use the embryos to produce the
  stem cells which they study to learn about human
  development and to help treat diseases

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Theoretical Benefits of Cloning

• Will teach us the process of mammalian
  development
• Would allow us to see what happens when stages of
  development are altered or removed completely
• Also could help us learn what sexual beginning
  does for mammalian life

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Practical Benefits of Cloning

• Cloning would help greatly for medical reasons
• -would help cure diseases
• -could allow us to replace malfunctioning organs
  with a clone of that organ
• -medicines and drug supplies would benefit
  because we would be able to clone more of the
  animals that produce certain proteins needed for
  medicines, resulting in more medicines available
  to people
• -could help find a cure for cancer
• Cloning more of the better animals allows us to
  have higher-quality, healthier meat and milk
  products from our animals
• Revive endangered and extinct species

11
Human Cloning

• Beneficial for
• A couple who is infertile and wants to have a
  child
• Could replace a child or loved one who has died

12
Cloning currently is not allowed to be done on
humans, and it does not look like it will be
aloud anywhere in the near future. Reasons for
this is because cloning is not stable yet, there
has not been enough success in cloning and
because of the arguments about the ethics behind
cloning.
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References
(2006). Cloning fact sheet. Retrieved November
26, 2007 on the World Wide Web http//ornl.gov/s
ci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml
Agar, Nicholas. (2002). Perfect Copy. United
Kingdom Icon Books. Gogoi, Pallovi. (2007).
Cloning scientists vs. consumers. Retrieved
November 22, 2007, from Ebsco online
http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?directtr
uedbrchAN25005341sitesrc-live Levine,
Louis. (2007). Cloning. Grolier Multimedia
Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 22, 2007, from
Grolier online http//gme.grolier.com/cgibin/arti
cle?assetid0065440-0 University of Utah (2007).
Cloning in Focus. Retrieved November 22, 2007 on
the World Wide Web http//learn.genetics.utah.ed
u/units/cloning/ Yount, Lisa. (2000). Cloning.
San Diego Greenhaven Press.