Big Questions

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Big Questions
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Big Question 1 What were the central ideas of
the reformers, and why were they appealing to
different social groups?

• Basic beliefs and ideas
• Jesus, not the Pope is the head of the church.
  Faith alone is enough to earn salvation. The
  Clergy could be married. There is no purgatory or
  saint worship.
• Why they were so appealing
• It was a simple religion. Clergy is no longer tax
  exempt. People directed church service. The
  printing press allowed the Bible to be translated
  and sent out to the masses vernacular.

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Big Question 2How did the political situation
in Germany shape the course of the Reformation?

• The rise of the Habsburg dynasty included
  strategic marriages that lead to strong political
  alliances. Kept them in power.
• Charles V was a Habsburg who had one goal which
  was to maintain religious unity.
• Conflicts over land borders and religion
• People fought over the fact that rulers
  determined religion this lead to a treaty in
  which, cantons choose religion
• Diet of Augsburg ordered Protestants to convert.
• Peace of Augsburg population must convert or
  leave and officially recognized Lutheranism 

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Big Question 3How did the Protestant ideas and
institutions spread beyond German speaking lands?

• Henry the 8th divorced
• Clergy studied under Luther took it to the
  Netherlands
• Secular rulers changed to take catholic lands
• Examples made by reformers, such as Calvin in
  Geneva
• Weak political authority in Scotland
• Literature and the printing press

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Big Question 4How did the Catholic Church
respond to the new religious situation?

• they had a Catholic reform
• educated clergy, eliminate corruption, stop
  indulgences, executed and imprisoned people
  accused of heretics, Index of Forbidden Books
• no compromise with Protestants Bishops live in
  diocese
• expanded missionaries
• Jesuits spread Catholicism to Asia and Africa and
  Americas
• Catherine de' Medici killed Protestants
• Henry IV was a good king who tolerated
  Protestants
• witch hunts Spain had Civil War

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Big Question 5 What were the causes and
consequences of religious violence, including
riots, wars, and witch-hunts?

• RIOTSCaused by the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre
  of protestants.
• Consequently, Politiques wanted a strong
  monarchy, naming Henry IV as King. Also got the
  Edict of Nantes passed which made French
  Calvinists permitted but Catholicism official.
• WARSCaused by the spread of Calvinism into the
  Netherlands, which preached that people should
  rebel against an ungodly government. Caused by
  civil war between Catholics and Protestants.
• Consequently, the Union of Utrecht was passed,
  dividing the Netherlands into a Protestant North
  and a Catholic South.
• WITCH HUNTSCaused by religious paranoia, but
  used for personal gains.
• Consequently, 40,000-60,000 people were executed.