Infection Control in the School Setting

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Infection Control in the School Setting

• Its In Your Hands

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What is an Infection?

• A condition resulting from the presence of, and
  invasion by, germs
• (microorganisms)

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For Infection to Occur an Organism Must

• enter the body
• grow and multiply
• cause a response

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Routes of Transmission

• Contact
• 1. direct
• 2. indirect
• 3. droplet
• (3 feet)

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Routes of Transmission

• Vehicle
• Airborne
• Vector

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Chain of Infection
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Handwashing(Hand Hygiene)

• The most important measure you can use to prevent
  the spread of infection.

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Hand Hygiene Guidelines
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Hand Hygiene

• When hands are visibly soiled with blood or
  other body fluids Wash hands with either a
  non-antimicrobial soap and water .. OR
• An antimicrobial soap and water

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Hand Hygiene

• If hands are not visibly soiled
• Use an alcohol-based hand rub for routinely
  decontaminating hands.

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Handwashing Procedure

• Wet hands.
• Apply soap.
• Rub hands together producing friction.
• Wash between fingers, tops of hands, and around
  jewelry.
• Wash for at least 15 seconds.
• Rinse hands well.
• Dry hands with a paper towel then use the towel
  to turn off faucet.

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Handwashing ..

• The 1 way to prevent the spread of germs.

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Bloodborne pathogens are bacteria or viruses that
  are present in human blood and body fluids and
  can be transmitted to other humans.
• The most common bloodborne pathogens are
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

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Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission

• Sexually
• From mother-to-newborn at birth
• Sharing of needles or other sharps
• Accidental needlestick/cut/bite
• (infected person to non-infected person)
• Blood transfusions (in the past)

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HIV

• The virus which causes the acquired
  immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• HIV attacks the bodys immune system, weakening
  it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases.

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HIV

• The virus is very fragile and will not live very
  long outside of the human body.
• There is no cure for AIDS although there are
  various
• anti-viral medications to prolong life.
• AIDS is a fatal disease.

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Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)

• Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.
• Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver.
• In the U.S., approximately 300,000 people are
  infected annually.

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Hepatitis B Virus Disease
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HBV

• Is a very durable virus and can survive outside
  of the body for at least 7 days.
• It is very important to clean up any blood or
  body fluid spills.
• (Can use a 110 bleach solution which is 1
  part household bleach to 9 parts water.)

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Hepatitis B Vaccine

• To prevent hepatitis B.
• A 3-dose vaccine series given at
• 0, 1, 6 months intervals.
• 96 of people who take the vaccine will develop
  antibody (protection) against the hepatitis B
  virus.

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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)The Silent Epidemic

• Another cause of viral hepatitis.
• It is usually slow-spreading and silent, but
  lasts a long time.
• It is one of the major causes of cirrhosis in the
  U.S.
• It is a major cause of liver cancer worldwide.

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HCV Disease

• Approximately 8-12,000 people die annually from
  hepatitis C-related disease.
• There is no vaccine for HCV.
• Anti-viral medications are available for
  treatment for some HCV-infected persons.

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MRSA

• First recognized in 1961- one year after the
  antibiotic Methicillin was introduced for
  treating S. Aureaus infections.
• Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureaus- a
  type of bacteria not killed by common antibiotics
  including penicillin and cephalosporins (i.e.
  Amoxil and Keflex)

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MRSA

• Colonization-the microorganism is living in or on
  the body without causing disease or harm
• Infection- the body is invaded by a
  microorganism, the organism multiplies and causes
  injury or illness

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MRSA

• Most infections caused by S. Aureus are skin and
  soft tissue infections
• MRSA is being seen in increasing numbers among
  healthy persons of all ages
• This is referred to as Community Acquired MRSA

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Signs and Symptoms

• Fever
• Local Swelling, redness, heat
• Painful lesion or pimple with or without drainage
• Boil- tender red lump with a white head

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BOIL
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CELLULITIS
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MRSA

• S. Aureus is most often spread to others by
  contaminated hands
• Touching skin, wounds, sharing towels, athletic
  equipment and other personal items

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MRSA

• Prevention
• Handwashing
• Good personal hygiene
• Regularly clean commonly touched surfaces, such
  as door knobs, bathrooms, nap mats, etc., with
  any EPA approved disinfectant.
• Cheapest and very good disinfectant is household
  bleach and water in a 19 solution
• (1 Tbsp. bleach to 1 quart of water mixed fresh
  daily).

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MRSA

• Prevention (continued)
• Clean toys and classroom items at least daily and
  anytime they become soiled
• Wash any cuts, scrapes, lesions, insect bites and
  sores with soap and water
• Keep lesions clean and dry and cover them with
  bandages until they are healed. If drainage
  cannot be contained by a dressing, student should
  be excluded from class until healed or drainage
  decreases.

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MRSA

• Use a barrier between skin and shared equipment
  e.g. exercise machines and massage tables
• If you change a dressing WEAR GLOVES, dispose of
  dressing in a ziplock baggie and discard. Wash
  hands after removing gloves.
• HANDWASHING IS YOUR BEST DEFENSE AGAINST
  INFECTIONS

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Standard Precautions

• Consider the blood and body fluids of everyone
  to be potentially infectious.

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Do not

• Share razors, toothbrushes, eating utensils and
  drinking containers with other people.
• Share needles or other sharps with others.

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Do

• Be careful when providing first aid or dressing
  the wounds of others.
• Always keep sores or open wounds covered with
  band aid or dressing.

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Do

• Always immediately clean up any spills of blood
  or body fluids (wear gloves).
• Always carefully clean household when someone is
  ill in the home.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

• A disease transmitted from person-to-person
  through the air when an infected person
  repeatedly comes in contact with an uninfected
  person.
• TB usually affects the lungs, but may attack
  almost any part of the body.

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Tuberculosis (TB)
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Tuberculosis Symptoms

• General Symptoms
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Fever and/or Night Sweats
• TB of the Lung
• Cough
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood

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TB Skin Testing
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TB Infection vs. TB Disease

• TB Disease
• Person is sick, has symptoms, and can spread
  disease to others.
• Treatment is needed in order to get well.

• TB Infection
• Germs in body, but not sick and no symptoms.
• Skin test is usually positive.
• Most people (90) do not develop disease.

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Respiratory Hygiene
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Respiratory Hygiene

• Cover the nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing
• Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions
  dispose of them in the nearest waste receptacle
  after use
• Perform hand hygiene after having contact with
  respiratory secretions contaminated
  objects/materials.

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Antibiotic Use

• Antibiotics are for treatment of bacteria not
  viruses.
• Always take the antibiotic exactly as prescribed.
• Do not save antibiotics for next time.
• Do not share antibiotics with others.

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Employee Health

• Practice good personal hygiene.
• Be sure you are up-to-date on all of your
  immunizations.
• Seriously consider taking the influenza vaccine
  annually.
• Do not come to work when you are sick.
• Practice good handwashing!

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