10%20cm3%20soil

1
Lime Recommendations with 1 M KCl soil pH and
Sikora buffer pH
10 mL Sikora buffer
10 mL M KCl
10 cm3 soil
1 M KCl soil pH
Sikora buffer pH
1
2
Advantages
1. Solves problem with low pH in fall
2. Accounts for pH buffer capacity of soil
2
3
3
4
4
5
Average pH for Southeastern KY counties
5
6
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Adams-Evans
7
Mehlich
SMP
6
pH
5
Typic Fragiudalf silt loam
1 M KCl soil pH
CEC 7 cmol/kg
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
6
7
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
SMP
6
pH
5
Typic Fragiudalf silt loam
1 M KCl soil pH
CEC 7 cmol/kg
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
7
8
Lime response curve
Soil pH
Buffer pH
1 M KCl soil pH
Lime added
Mechanistic approach
Empirical correlations
Buffer pH
Lime required
8
9
Lime Recommendations with soil pH and soil-buffer
pH
5.6
Soil-water pH
Soil-buffer pH
6.8
9
10
10
11
Should the same amount of lime be recommended for
the two soils below?
Soil 1
Soil 2
5.6
Soil-water pH
4.5
Soil-buffer pH
6.8
6.8
11
12
Kentucky LR table based on soil-water pH and
Sikora buffer pH
buffer pH buffer pH  
soil- water pH 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9
4.5. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
4.7. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
4.9. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
5.1. 4.67 4.00 3.33 3.33 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33
5.3. 4.67 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33
5.5. 4.00 3.33 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 1.33 1.33
5.7. 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33
5.9. 3.33 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33 0.67
6.1. 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33 0.67 0.67
12
13
Double-buffer method for Lime Recommendations
5.2
Soil pH
Soil-buffer pH 1
5.4
These two used to assess pH buffer capacity of
soil
Soil-buffer pH 2
6.4
13
14
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
SMP
6
pH
soil- water pH
5
SMP with initial pH of 6
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
14
15
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
Soil-buffer pH 6.4
6
pH
Sikora SMP
5
1 M KCl soil pH 4.3
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
15
16
Target pH 5.5
Added alkalinity (cmol/kg)
16
17
Lime response curve from 1 M KCl soil pH and
Sikora buffer pH
Titration of soil with KOH in 1 M KCl
Titration of soil with KOH in water
17
18
11 line
18
19
Correction factor for long-term field
neutralization
Fig. 4
c)
LR Alkalinity to pH 5.5 x Correction Factor
11 line
Current KY LR ---------------------------- 1 M
KCl soil pH and Sikora buffer pH LR
LR using 1 M KCl soil pH and Sikora buffer pH
(cmol/kg)
19
20
Current KY LR
SMP double buffer LR
Correction factor
20
21
Data from Thompson, Kissel, Cabrera, and Sonon
(2010)
21
22
22
23
Lime Recommendations with 1 M KCl soil pH and
soil-buffer pH
4.6
5.5 soil-water pH
1 M KCl Soil pH

6.8
Soil-buffer pH
23
24
1 M KCl soil pH and Sikora buffer pH for Lime
Recommendations
Advantages
1. Solves problem with low pH in fall
2. Accounts for pH buffer capacity of soil
3. Background electrolyte good for quick and
stable pH reading
24
25
extra
26
Soil-buffer pH 7.0
Target pH 5.5
1 M KCl soil pH 4.0
27
Current LR table based on soil-water pH and
Sikora buffer pH
buffer pH buffer pH  
soil- water pH 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.90
4.5. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
4.7. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
4.9. 4.67 4.00 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00
5.1. 4.67 4.00 3.33 3.33 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33
5.3. 4.67 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33
5.5. 4.00 3.33 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 1.33 1.33
5.7. 4.00 3.33 2.67 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33
5.9. 3.33 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33 0.67
6.1. 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33 0.67 0.67
28
New LR table based on 1 M KCl soil pH and Sikora
II buffer pH
Sikora II buffer pH Sikora II buffer pH  
1 M KCl soil pH soil-water pH 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9
3.47 4.5. 4.75 4.25 3.75 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.75
3.69 4.7. 4.75 4.25 3.75 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
3.91 4.9. 5.00 4.25 3.75 3.25 2.75 2.50 2.00 1.50
4.13 5.1. 5.00 4.00 3.75 3.25 2.75 2.25 2.00 1.50
4.35 5.3. 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.25 1.75 1.25
4.57 5.5. 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.25
4.79 5.7. 5.00 4.00 3.25 2.75 2.25 2.00 1.50 1.00
5.01 5.9. 3.75 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00
5.23 6.1. 2.75 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.50
29
Buffer pH response to acid
30
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
SMP
6
pH
Buffer pH
5
4
31
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
SMP
6
pH
Lime response curve
5
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
32
Cut out slides with double buffer explanation
33
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Lime requirement for target pH of 6.5
7
SMP
6
pH
5
SMP with initial pH of 6
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
34
cmol/kg H
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Lime requirement for target pH of 6.5
7
?
SMP
6
pH
water pH
5
SMP with initial pH of 6
?
salt pH
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cmol/kg OH-
35
1 M KCl soil pH and Sikora buffer pH for Lime
Recommendations
Advantages
1) Mechanistic approach for soils of varying
buffer capacity
2) Solve problem with lower than expected soil pH
during dry falls
36
Soil-buffer pH 6.2
Lime response curve
1 M KCl soil pH 4.3
(2 cmol/kg alkalinity 1 ton/acre CaCO3)