Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
2
Purpose of PPE

• To protect employees from hazards not eliminated
  from the workplace

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Protective Equipment

• Personal protective equipment
• Eyes
• Face
• Head
• Extremities
• Protective clothing
• Respiratory devices
• Protective shields and barriers

4
Design and Condition

• Safe design and construction for work performed
• Sanitary and reliable condition
• Provided
• Used
• Maintained
• Laundered
• Repaired
• Replaced

• Defective and damaged equipment shall not be used
• Must properly fit users

5
Purchase of PPE

• The employer is normally responsible for the cost
  of personal protective equipment.
• PPE used by trades
• may be an exception

6
Protect Against Hazards

• Hazards
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological/Infectious

• Capable of causing injury or impairment in the
  function of any part of the body through (routes
  of entry)
• Inhalation
• Skin absorption
• Ingestion
• Contact with skin and/or eyes

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Required Implementation

• Engineering Control
• Ventilation
• Isolation
• Selected Equipment
• Redesign process or procedure

• Administrative Control
• Personal Hygiene
• Maintenance
• Hand washing
• Scheduled breaks
• Assignment schedules

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Certified Hazard Assessment

• Prepared by
• Consultant
• VA Personnel
• Insert - date of written hazard assessment
• Insert - how to obtain a copy of the written
  hazard assessment
• Required by 29 CFR 1910.132d

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Overview of Hazard Assessment

• Bloodborne pathogens
• Latex gloves
• Gown
• Safety glasses
• Hand washing
• Handling trash
• Rubber gloves
• Safety shoes

• Shops
• Safety glasses
• Safety shoes
• Hearing protection
• Facilities
• Rubber gloves
• Non-slip shoes
• Safety glasses (when mixing detergents)

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Reassessment of Hazards

• Facility safety officer is responsible to
  reassess workplace hazards as necessary by
• Identifying and evaluating new equipment and
  processes
• Reviewing accident records
• Re-evaluating the suitability of previously
  selected PPE

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Personal Protective Equipment Program

• Defined by insert appropriate facility policy
• Ordering
• Repair
• Maintenance
• Other requirements

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29
CFR 1910)

• General Requirements -- 132
• Eye and Face Protection -- 133
• Respiratory Protection -- 134
• Head Protection -- 135
• Foot Protection -- 136
• Electrical Protection -- 137
• Hand Protection -- 138
• Hearing Protection -- 95
• Specialized Standards -- e.g., 1030

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Eye and Face Protection(29 CFR 1910.133)

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Hazards to Eyes/Face

• Physical
• Flying Particles
• Molten Metal
• Potentially Injurious Light Radiation
• Ultraviolet (UV) light
• Chemical
• Gases or Vapors
• Liquids
• Acids or Caustics

• Biological/Infectious
• Blood
• Saliva
• Semen
• Body Tissue
• Wastes
• Animal Tissue
• Potentially Infectious Materials

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Safety Glasses

• Can be used with side shields (Required if flying
  objects are present)
• Plastic
• Can fit over corrective lenses
• Can be worn alone
• Can accommodate most types of prescriptive lenses

16
Goggles

• Should fit face snugly (sealing entire eye area)
• Specially-coated lenses or ventilation holes may
  prevent fogging
• Anti-fogging materials can be used
• When removing goggles, tilt head down so that
  debris on top of goggles does not fall into eyes

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Other Eye and Face Protection

• Face Shields
• Worn for extremely hazardous jobs
• Worn with safety glasses or goggles
• Do not completely protect face
• Hoods
• Protect entire head and face
• Can be worn with respirators

• Sunglasses
• Provide protection against sun
• Should filter 99 to 100 percent UV
• Provide no protection against flying objects
• Can reduce chances of cataracts

18
Inspection and Maintenance of Eye and Face
Protection

• Must be kept clean
• Must be free of scratches and other defects that
  may obstruct vision
• Must be disinfected
• Periodically, if used by same person
• After each use, if shared
• Headband should be replaced when slack, worn, or
  dirty

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Eye Safety

• Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for
  chemicals used
• Identify eye protection required
• Become familiar with emergency response
  procedures
• Contact Lenses
• Do NOT provide protection
• Should NOT be worn around chemicals or chemical
  vapors

20
Laser Eye Safety

• Follow guidance of laser manufacturer
• Wear safety glasses with filters that protect
  against the wavelength of light for the laser
  being used
• Partial reflections from Class IV lasers can
  cause permanent eye damage

21
Head Protection(29 CFR 1910.135)

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Hazards to Head

• Falling or flying objects
• Electrical conductors
• Contamination from bloodborne pathogens
• Sunburn and sunstroke
• Cold temperatures

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Types and Classes of Head Protection

• Types of protective hats
• Type 1, Helmets - full brim (at least 1.25)
• Type 2, Brimless helmets with peak extending
• forward from the crown
• Classes of industrial head protection
• Class A, General service - limited voltage
  protection
• Class B, Utility service - high voltage
  protection
• Class C, Special service - no voltage protection

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Hard Hats (Class A)

• Hard exterior shell
• Shock-absorbing lining
• Headband
• Crown straps
• Protects against impact hazards
• Used in construction

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Electrical Bump Hats (Class B)

• Protects against impact and penetration AND
  against high-voltage shock or burn
• Can be used where there is a possibility of
  bumping against a fixed object
• Used by electrical workers
• Sometimes used in construction

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Other Head Protection

• Safety Hat or Cap (Class C)
• Protects against impacts
• Provides lightweight comfort
• Provides no electrical protection

• Hat or Cap
• Protects against exposure to sun (4 inch brim)
• Protects against exposure to cold (ear flaps)
• Generally not considered PPE

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Specialized Head Protection

• Hairnets
• Food service employees
• Sanitation and cleanliness
• Hoods
• Can be used in extremely hazardous situations
• Can be used with respirators
• Can provide eye and face protection

• Surgical Caps
• Infection control and cleanliness
• Worn during medical procedures that involve large
  amounts of blood
• Autopsies
• Orthopedic surgery

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Inspection and Maintenance of Head Protection

• Damage
• Dents
• Cracks
• Penetration
• Abuse
• Mutilation
• Other damage that might reduce the degree of
  protection provided

• Visually inspect daily
• Clean periodically
• May adversely affect protection provided
• Paint
• Sunlight
• Extreme temperatures

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Foot Protection(29 CFR 1910.136)

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Foot Hazards and Protection

• Hazards to Feet
• Falling or rolling objects
• Objects that pierce the sole
• Electrical exposures
• Slipping

• Foot Protection
• Safety Shoes
• Slip Resistant Soles
• Shoe Covers
• Rubber or Synthetic Boots
• Leather Work Boots

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Safety Shoes

• Steel-reinforced toe (protects foot from being
  pierced or crushed)
• Puncture-resistant or heat-resistant soles
  (optional)
• Metal-free non-conductive materials (working
  around exposed electrical conductors)

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Other Foot Protection

• Boots
• Rubber/Synthetic
• May be required when working around chemicals
• Autopsies
• Leather
• Recommended for outdoor maintenance activities
• Avoid wearing around chemicals

• Shoe Covers
• May be required for some medical procedures
• Slip-resistant Soles
• OSHA recommends
• Will reduce the number of injuries resulting from
  slips, trips, or falls

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Electrical Protection(29 CFR 1910.137)

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Electrical Protective Equipment (Insulated Rubber)

• Required when exposed to electrical hazards
• Blankets
• Matting
• Covers
• Line hose
• Gloves
• Sleeves

• Maintained in a safe and reliable condition
• Cleaned as needed
• Requires periodic electrical testing

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Inspections

• Before each days use
• Following any incident that caused damage
• Insulating properties cannot be degraded
• Insulating equipment failing to pass inspections
  or electrical tests may not be used unless
  specific requirements are met

• Cannot use equipment with
• Hole, tear, puncture, or cut
• Ozone cutting or ozone checking
• Embedded foreign objects
• Swelling, softening, hardening, stickiness, or
  inelasticity

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Storage

• Location and manner of storage must protect from
• Light
• Temperature extremes
• Excessive humidity
• Ozone
• Other injurious substances and conditions

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Hand Protection(29 CFR 1910.138)

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Hand Protection

• Provided to protect against
• Absorption of harmful substances
• Severe cuts or lacerations
• Severe abrasions
• Punctures
• Chemical or thermal burns
• Harmful temperature extremes

• Types of hand protection
• Machine guards
• Electric eyes
• Push sticks
• Controls requiring two hands
• Gloves

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Glove Selection Criteria

• Selection based on evaluation of performance
  characteristics
• Task(s) to be performed
• Conditions present
• Duration of use
• Hazards and potential hazards identified

• Selection based on individual characteristics
• Grip
• Dexterity
• Flexibility
• Hand size
• Glove length
• Too tight - may rip
• Too loose - affects grip and comfort

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General Purpose Gloves

• Cotton
• Can be specially coated
• Allows handling of delicate components
• Absorbs oil
• Leather
• Rough surfaces
• Heat
• Sparks

• Protect against
• Abrasion
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Snags
• Temperature extremes

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Cut-resistant Gloves

• Designed for use with sharp knives and blades
• May contain
• Cut-resistant yarns
• Composite materials
• Metal mesh (Required of most meatcutting and
  de-boning operations)

• Protect against
• Cuts
• Abrasion
• Some may protect against punctures

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Special Purpose Gloves

• Surgical
• Examination
• Firefighters
• Smelters
• Welders
• Clean rooms

• Protect against specific hazards
• HIV/Hepatitis
• Heat and burns
• Patient protection

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Latex Gloves

• Natural
• Required for surgery
• Can be used for examinations
• Label NOT required
• Hypoallergenic gloves NOT tested for natural
  rubber proteins (source of latex allergies)

• Synthetic
• Cannot be used for surgery
• Can be used for examinations
• Label NOT required

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Chemical-resistant Gloves

• Must be selected for the specific chemical used
  (Consult manufacturers guidance)
• Non-porous
• Selection based on
• Potential toxic effects of chemicals used
• Likely routes of entry
• Degree of hazard

• Protect against
• Dermatitis
• Chemical burns
• Cancer
• Resist
• Penetration
• Permeation
• Degradation

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Penetration

• Natural rubber
• Protects against liquids that mix with water
• Provides no protection against petroleum or
  oil-based solvents

• Synthetic rubber resists
• Oils
• Greases
• Acids
• Caustics
• Many petroleum products

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Permeation

• Must consult manufacturers technical data for
  specific chemical used
• No protective barrier provides permeation
  protection for all chemicals

• Often coated with
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Nitrile
• Neoprene
• Latex

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Degradation

• Signs of degradation
• Stiffer
• More brittle
• Softer
• Weaker
• Major indication that gloves should be replaced

• Inspect before each use
• Rips
• Holes
• Weak seams
• Imperfections

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Hand Safety

• Do NOT wear gloves that are damaged
• Clean off contaminants before you remove gloves
• Remove gloves safely
• Properly decontaminate and store gloves
• Monitor the condition of your gloves as you work
• Follow manufacturers guidance for maintenance
  and storage
• Dispose of gloves properly

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Skin Protection

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Hazards to Skin

• Hazards
• Sunburn
• Skin Cancer
• Dermatitis
• Poison ivy, oak, sumac
• Insect and animal bites

• Protections available
• Protective clothing
• Sunscreen
• Insect repellent
• Scheduling of work
• Ointments

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Prevention of Sun Damage

• Avoid the suns strongest rays (10 a.m. - 4
  p.m.)
• Wear protective clothing
• Broad-brimmed hats
• Long pants
• Long-sleeved shirts

• Wear sunglasses (99 - 100 UV ray protection)
• Always wear a sunscreeen with SPF of 15 or more
• Avoid sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning parlors

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Torso Protection

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Hazards to Torso

• Hazards
• Heat
• Splashes from hot metals and liquids
• Impacts
• Cuts
• Acids
• Radiation

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Types of Protection

• Options
• Vests
• Jackets
• Aprons
• Coveralls
• Full body suits
• Lead lined coverings
• Gowns

• Materials
• Fire retardant wool
• Specially treated cotton
• Leather
• Rubberized fabrics
• Disposable suits

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Lifting or Back Belts

• Must follow manufacturers guidance

• Back belts can be obtained by contacting

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Appropriate PPE for Exposure to Bloodborne
Pathogens

• Does NOT permit blood or other potentially
  infectious materials to pass through to
• Employees work clothes
• Employees street clothes
• Undergarments
• Under normal conditions of use

• Does NOT permit blood or other potentially
  infectious materials to reach
• Skin
• Eyes
• Mouth
• Other mucous membranes
• For the duration of time to be used

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PPE for Bloodborne Pathogens

• Gloves
• Gowns or aprons
• Laboratory coats
• Face shields or masks and eye protection
• Goggles or glasses with side shields
• Mouthpieces

• Surgical caps or hoods
• Shoe covers or boots
• Clinic jackets
• Resuscitation bags
• Pocket masks
• Other ventilation devices

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Gloves Required for Exposure to Bloodborne
Pathogens

• When reasonably anticipated that employee may
  have hand contact with
• Blood
• Other potentially infectious materials
• Mucous membranes
• Non-intact skin
• When performing vascular access procedures
• When handling or touching contaminated items or
  surfaces

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Hearing Protection(29 CFR 1910.95)

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Hearing Protectors

• If exposed to 85 dB or greater for eight-hour
  TWA
• Hearing protection must be available
• Hearing protection must be worn if
• No baseline audiogram has been established
• Hearing threshold has changed an average of 10 dB
  or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz in either ear

• Must be worn if
• Duration Sound Level(hours per
  day) (dBA) 8 90 6 92 4 95
  3 97 2 100
• 1.5 102 1 105 0.5 110 0.25 or less
  115

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Locations Requiring Noise Protection

• Building
• Room
• Mechanical room
• Penthouse
• Building
• Room
• Shop area

• Building
• Insert appropriate locations
• Building
• Insert appropriate locations

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Types of Hearing Protectors

• Earplugs
• Lightweight
• Comfortable for long periods of time
• Made of soft fibers or foam (self-forming)
• Disposable or reusable
• Performed, pre-molded, or custom molded

• Earmuffs
• Easily put on or removed
• Require entire ear to fit inside cup (seal)
• May interfere with glasses or goggles
• Can be designed for use with hard hats

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General Considerations

• Proper initial fit required
• Must be used correctly
• Must receive training in the use and care of
  hearing protectors provided
• Must be allowed to select hearing protectors from
  a variety of suitable hearing protectors provided
  by employer
• Must be replaced as necessary

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Hearing Safety

• If you have to shout to talk to someone within 2
  or 3 feet - Wear hearing protection
• Off-the-job activities (woodworking, shooting,
  etc.) can hurt your hearing - Hearing protection
  is recommended
• Never remove hearing protection in high noise
  areas
• Do NOT share hearing protection with others

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Respiratory Protection(29 CFR 1910.134)

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Hazards Requiring Respirators

• Protect against breathing air contaminated with
  harmful
• Dusts
• Fogs
• Fumes
• Mists
• Gases
• Smokes
• Sprays
• Vapors
• Infectious biological agents

• Healthcare-related exposures that may require
  respirators
• Tuberculosis
• Ethylene oxide
• Some chemicals used for disinfection or
  preservation (morgues)
• Animal fecal matter
• Other related exposures
• Asbestos
• Paint fumes

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Respirators

• Types of Facepieces
• Half-face
• Full-face
• Hoods

• Types of Respirators
• Air Purifying
• N95 (Tuberculosis)
• Dust, fume, mist
• Powered air purifying
• Air Supplied
• Self-contained breathing apparatus
• Air Line

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General Considerations

• Written program required
• Medical examination in accordance with ANSI Z88.6
• Annual follow-up

• Certification by NIOSH
• Selection in accordance with ANSI Z88.2
• Fit testing required in accordance with ANSI
  Z88.10
• Cleaning and disinfection
• Proper storage

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Emergency Response(29 CFR 1910.120)

• Facility Emergency Response Plan addresses PPE
  if
• An industrial facility intends to use the medical
  center, if there is an emergency
• Medical center provides support during responses
  to natural phenomenon

• Level A - Encapsulating chemical protective suit
• Level B - Respiratory protection

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Summary

• PPE must
• Protect against the hazard
• Protect the route of entry
• Be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition
• Be used properly
• PPE is available by contacting
• Your supervisor
• Facility safety office personnel

• If you have questions concerning PPE provided
  contact
• Your supervisor
• Facility safety personnel
• If you have questions concerning the health
  effects associated with PPE contact employee
  health personnel